ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Decision Support Model for Decision Making with the Use of 2-Tuple Linguistic Model in Subcontractor Selection
There are various parties in the execution phase of construction projects but contractors have a direct impact on the execution phase. Due to some challenges such as growing complexity, and the need for specific specialties, contractors’ eager to subcontract project’s tasks to other parties is named subcontractors. Regarding the impact of subcontractors on critical success factors of projects, the first step in their management process is the selection of the best subcontractor. The subcontractor selection is a subject, in which uncertainty and vagueness are dealt with in decision-making. In these situations, linguistic terms can help people in expressing their ideas. This paper applied the 2-tuple linguistics computing to work with linguistic terms and use group decision making to mitigate the deviation ofexperts’ ideas. For further understanding, a numerical example is presented. Also, a consistency test to investigate the accuracy of the model is offered.
https://ajce.aut.ac.ir/article_907_8f4bed7db603666436e9ec85b2cc8aac.pdf
2017-05-01
3
14
10.22060/ceej.2017.11529.5029
Subcontractor
Selection
2-tuple linguistic
Group
decision making
H. R.
Abbasianjahromi
1
Faculty of Civil Engineering Department, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Elazouni, A., & Fikry, G.M., “D-SUB: Decision support system for subcontracting construction works.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 191-200, 2000.
1
[2] Abbasianjahromi, H.R., & Rajaie, H., “Developing a project portfolio selection model for contractor firms considering the risk factors.” Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 18(6), 879-889, 2012.
2
[3] NG, S.T., “Using Balanced Scorecard for Subcontractor Performance Appraisal.” Strategic Integration of Surveying Services FIG Working Week, Hong Kong SAR, China, 13-1, 2007.
3
[4] Hamzaoui, F., Taillandier, F., & Mehdizadeh, R., “ Evolutive Risk Breakdown Structure for managing construction project risks: application to a railway project in Algeria,” European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 19 (2), 2015.
4
[5] Lee, H., Seo, J., Park, M., Ryu, H. & Kwon, S., “Transaction-Cost-Based Selection of Appropriate General Contractor-Subcontractor Relationship Type.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135, 2009.
5
[6] Construction Industry Review Committee, “Construct for Excellence: Report of the Construction Industry Review Committee”, Hong Kong Government, 2001.
6
[7] Dainty, A.R.J., Briscoe, G.H. & Millett, S.J., “Subcontractor perspectives on supply chain Alliances.” Construction Management & Economics, 19 (8), 841- 848, 2001.
7
[8] Pryke, S., “Construction Supply Chain Management; Concepts and Case studies.” Willy, BlackWell, United kingdom, 2009.
8
[9] Shash, A.A., “Bidding practices of subcontractors in Colorado.” ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 124(3), 219-225, 1998.
9
[10] President Deputy Strategic Planning and Control., “Iranian State Budget Law”, Iran, 2011.
10
[11] Kumaraswamy, M.M., & Matthews, J.D., “Improved subcontractor selection employing partnering principles.” Journal of Management in Engineering, 16(3), 47-57, 2000.
11
[12] Ravanshadnia, M., Rajaie, H., & Abbasian, H.R., “Hybrid fuzzy MADM project-selection model for diversified construction companies.” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 37, 1082-1093, 2010.
12
[13] Martinez, L., & Herrera, F., “An overview on the 2-tuple linguistic model for computing with words in decision making: Extensions, applications and challenges.” Information Sciences, 207, 1-18, 2012.
13
[14] Wang, D., Yung, K. L., & Ip, W. H., “A Heuristic Genetic Algorithm for Subcontractor Selection in a Global Manufacturing Environment.” IEEE Transaction on Systems Man and Cybernetics-Part C: Applications and Reviews, 31( 2), 2001.
14
[15] Ng, S.T., & Luu, C.D.T., “Modeling subcontractor registration decisions through case-based reasoning approach.” Automation in Construction, 17, 873-881, 2008.
15
[16] Mbachu, J., “Conceptual framework for the assessment of subcontractors’ eligibility and performance in the construction industry” Construction Management & Economics, 26, 471-484, 2008.
16
[17] Arslan, G., Kivrak, S., Birgonul., M. T., & Dikmen, I., “Improving sub-contractor selection process in construction projects: Web-based sub-contractor evaluation system (WEBSES).” Automation in Construction, 17, 480-488,2008.
17
[18] Hartmann, A., & Caerteling, J., “Subcontractor procurement in construction: the interplay of price and trust. Supply Chain Management” An International Journal - SUPPLY CHAIN MANAG, 15(5), 354-362, 2010.
18
[19] Yin, H., Wang, Z., Yu, J., Ji, Z., & Ni, H., “Application of DEA cross evaluation model in project dynamic alliance subcontractors’ selection”, IEEE, 978-1-4244- 3894-5/09, 2009.
19
[20] Xiaolin, Y., Heng, S., & Bing, Y., “Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing,” WiCOM 08. 4th International Conference on, 2009.
20
[21] Tserng, H.P., & Lin, P.H., “An accelerated subcontracting and procuring model for construction projects.” Automation in Construction, 11(1), 105-125, 2002.
21
[22] Herrera, F., Martinez, L., & Sgnchez, P.J., “Managing non-homogeneous information in group decision making.” European Journal of Operational Research, 166 (1), 115-132, 2005.
22
[23] Herrera, F., & Herrera-Viedma, E., “Linguistic decision analysis: Steps for solving decision problems under linguistic information.” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 115, 67- 82, 2000.
23
[24] Wei, G., & Zhao, X., “Some dependent aggregation operators with 2-tuple linguistic information and their application to multiple attribute group decision making.” Expert Systems with Applications, 39, 5881-5886, 2012.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Compressive Toughness of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Containing Different Types of Steel Fiber under Monotonic Loading
ABSTRACT: The noticeable brittleness of lightweight aggregate concrete limits its vast application. Using steel fibers will improve the disadvantage contrived in this type of concrete. Steel fiber increases the ductility and prevention of brittle failure of the concrete. In this paper, the influence of steel fiber on the ability of lightweight concrete to absorb energy during the response in compression has been investigated. For this purpose, steel fiber ratios of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 percent by the volume of the sample were used. The sample with 0.0 percent steel fiber ratio was used as a reference to be compared with other samples. Two types of steel fibers, including hooked-end and crimped, were used. All of the fine and coarse aggregates were lightweight. The results show that there is no noticeable improvement in the pre-peak energy absorption by adding steel fiber to the composite. The increase of steel fiber ratio changes the shape of the descending branch of the stress-strain curve in compression and increases thecompressive toughness of lightweight aggregate concrete. Furthermore, based on the experimental data,the relationship between compressive strength and steel fiber volume fraction was derived.
https://ajce.aut.ac.ir/article_979_7a9ffb33b1a22dd05be9ddf0d9f9eed2.pdf
2017-05-01
15
22
10.22060/ceej.2017.12224.5151
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete
Steel Fiber
Compression Test
Stress-Strain curve
Compressive Toughness
H.
Dabbagh
1
University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
K.
Amoorezaei
2
University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Akbarpour
3
University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
K.
Babamuradi
4
University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] A. M. Neville, J. J. Brooks, Concrete technology, 1987.
1
[2] ACI 318, Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary, American Concrete Institute, 2014.
2
[3] A. Bilodeau, V. Kodur, G. Hoff, Optimization of the type and amount of polypropylene fibres for preventing the spalling of lightweight concrete subjected to hydrocarbon fire, Cement and Concrete Composites, 26(2) (2004) 163-174.
3
[4] C. L. Hwang, M.-F. Hung, Durability design and performance of self-consolidating lightweight concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 19(8) (2005) 619- 626.
4
[5] K. Melby, E. A. Jordet, C. Hansvold, Long-span bridges in Norway constructed in high-strength LWA concrete, Engineering Structures, 18(11) (1996) 845-849.
5
[6] A. Haug, S. Fjeld, A floating concrete platform hull made of lightweight aggregate concrete, Engineering Structures, 18(11) (1996) 831-836.
6
[7] J. A. Rossignolo, M. V. Agnesini, J. A. Morais, Properties of high performance LWAC for precast structures with Brazilian lightweight aggregates, Cement and Concrete Composites, 25(1) (2003) 77-82.
7
[8] E. Yasar, C. D. Atis, A. Kilic, H. Gulsen, Strength properties of lightweight concrete made with basaltic pumice and fly ash, Materials Letters, 57(15) (2003) 2267-2270.
8
[9] M. Haque, H. Al-Khaiat, O. Kayali, Strength and durability of lightweight concrete, Cement and Concrete Composites, 26(4) (2004) 307-314.
9
[10] M. H. Zhang, O. E. Gjvorv, Mechanical properties of high-strength lightweight concrete, ACI Materials Journal, 88(3) (1991) 240-247.
10
[11] T. P. Chang, M. M. Shieh, Fracture properties of lightweight concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, 26(2) (1996) 181-188.
11
[12] P. K. Mehta, P.J. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties and Materials. 2006.
12
[13] R. Balendran, F. Zhou, A. Nadeem, A. Leung, Influence of steel fibres on strength and ductility of normal and lightweight high strength concrete, Building and Environment, 37(12) (2002) 1361-1367.
13
[14] G. Campione, L. La Mendola, Behavior in compression of lightweight fiber reinforced concrete confined with transverse steel reinforcement, Cement and Concrete Composites, 26(6) (2004) 645-656.
14
[15] O. Kayali, M. Haque, B. Zhu, Some characteristics of high strength fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete, Cement and Concrete Composites, 25(2) (2003) 207-213.
15
[16] F. F. Wafa, S. A. Ashour, Mechanical properties of high-strength fiber reinforced concrete, Materials Journal, 89(5) (1992) 449-455.
16
[17] S. Popovics, A numerical approach to the complete stress-strain curve of concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, 3(5) (1973) 583-599.
17
[18] P. Kumar, A compact analytical material model for unconfined concrete under uni-axial compression, Materials and Structures, 37(9) (2004) 585 590.
18
[19] A. Tasnimi, Mathematical model for complete stress-strain curve prediction of normal, light-weight and high-strength concretes, Magazine of Concrete Research, 56(1) (2004) 23 34.
19
[20] L. S. Hsu, C. T. Hsu, Stress-strain behavior of steel-fiber high-strength concrete under compression, ACI Structural Journal, 91(4) (1994) 448 457.
20
[21] M. Nataraja, N. Dhang, A. Gupta, Stress-strain curves for steel-fiber reinforced concrete under compression, Cement and Concrete Composites, 21(5) (1999) 383 390.
21
[22] P. N. Balaguru, S. P. Shah, Fiber-reinforced cement composites, 1992.
22
[23] C. Poon, Z. Shui, L. Lam, Compressive behavior of fiber reinforced high-performance concrete subjected to elevated temperatures, Cement and Concrete Research, 34(12) (2004) 2215-2222.
23
[24] K. H. Mo, K. K. Q. Yap, U.J. Alengaram, M.Z. Jumaat, The effect of steel fibres on the enhancement of flexural and compressive toughness and fracture characteristics of oil palm shell concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 55 (2014) 20-28.
24
[25] N. A. Libre, M. Shekarchi, M. Mahoutian, P. Soroushian, Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete made with natural pumice, Construction and Building Materials, 25(5) (2011) 2458-2464.
25
[26] J. jun Li, C. jun Wan, J. gang Niu, L. feng Wu, Y. chao Wu, Investigation on flexural toughness evaluation method of steel fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 131 (2017) 449-458.
26
[27] A. Bentur, S. Mindess, Fibre reinforced cementitious composites, CRC Press, 2006.
27
[28] P. Pierre, R. Pleau, M. Pigeon, Mechanical properties of steel microfiber reinforced cement pastes and mortars, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 11(4) (1999) 317-324.
28
[29] H. Dabbagh, S. Akbarpour, K. Amoorezaei, Effect of geometric characteristics of steel fiber on the mechanical properties of structural lightweight aggregate concrete, 9th National Congress on Civil Engineering, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Iran (2016).
29
[30] ACI 211.2, Standard practice for selecting proportions for structural lightweight concrete, American Concrete Institute, 2004.
30
[31] O. A. Düzgün, R. Gül, A. C. Aydin, Effect of steel fibers on the mechanical properties of natural lightweight aggregate concrete, Materials Letters, 59(27) (2005) 3357-3363.
31
[32] J. Gao, W. Sun, K. Morino, Mechanical properties of steel fiber-reinforced, high-strength, lightweight concrete, Cement and Concrete Composites, 19(4) (1997) 307-313.
32
[33] T. T. Hsu, Y. L. Mo, Unified theory of concrete structures, John Wiley & Sons, 2010.
33
[34] B. Hughes, N. Fattuhi, Stress-strain curves for fibre reinforced concrete in compression, Cement and Concrete Research, 7(2) (1977) 173-183.
34
[35] F. Altun, Experimental investigation of lightweight concrete with steel fiber, J. Eng. Sci, 12(3) (2006) 333- 339.
35
[36] B. Chen, J. Liu, Properties of lightweight expanded polystyrene concrete reinforced with steel fiber, Cement and Concrete Research, 34(7) (2004) 1259-1263.
36
[37] P. Shafigh, H. Mahmud, M. Z. Jumaat, Effect of steel fiber on the mechanical properties of oil palm shell lightweight concrete, Materials & Design, 32(7) (2011) 3926-3932.
37
[38] G. Campione, N. Miraglia, M. Papia, Mechanical properties of steel fibre reinforced lightweight concrete with pumice stone or expanded clay aggregates, Materials and Structures, 34(4) (2001) 201-210.
38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Laboratory Study of the Effect of Using Liquid Anti-Stripping Materials on Reducing Moisture Damage of HMA
Liquid anti-stripping materials are the most popular materials used to improve moisture resistance of hot mix asphalt (HMA). In this study, the effect of two types of liquid anti-stripping materials (Wetfix N422 and Wetfix 312) with different percentages on the moisture susceptibility of HMA have been studied. HMA specimens with three types of aggregates (limestone, granite and quartzite) and two types of liquid anti-stripping materials are used in different percentages that are studied by modified Lottman test. In order to evaluate the effect of additive more accurately, 1, 3 and 5 freeze-thaw cycles are applied to the specimens. The results of this study indicate that the impact of additives used leads to the increased proportion of indirect tensile strength (ITS) in dry and wet conditions of HMA. The results of this study indicate that the additives used in this study increase tensile strength ratio (TSR) and the asphalt mixes’ resistance against moisture damage. In this study, the effect of anti-stripping additives in specimens under the wet conditions is more evident at higher freeze-thaw cycles compared to control specimens. In addition, the results show that the specimens prepared with limestone aggregate and Wetfix 312 additives have the highest TSR values.
https://ajce.aut.ac.ir/article_933_3ab9842da08b61687a2748602ec6d144.pdf
2017-05-01
23
30
10.22060/ceej.2017.12240.5156
Hot mix asphalt
moisture damage
Liquid anti-stripping additives
Modified Lottman Test
Tensile strength ratio
GH. H.
Hamedi
1
Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] R. Hicks, L. Santucci, T. Aschenbrener, Moisture sensitivity of asphalt pavements: a national seminar, San Diego, California: Transportation Research Board, (2003).
1
[2] G.H. Hamedi, F. Moghadas Nejad, Evaluating the Effect of Mix Design and Thermodynamic Parameters on Moisture Sensitivity of Hot Mix Asphalt, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 29(2) (2016) 04016207.
2
[3] G.H. Hamedi, Evaluating the effect of asphalt binder modification using nanomaterials on the moisture damage of hot mix asphalt, Road Materials and Pavement Design, (2016) 1-20.
3
[4] M. Solaimanian, J. Harvey, M. Tahmoressi, V. Tandon, Test methods to predict moisture sensitivity of hot-mix asphalt pavements, in: Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Pavements-A National Seminar, 2003.
4
[5] M. Arabani, G.H. Hamedi, Using the surface free energy method to evaluate the effects of liquid antistrip additives on moisture sensitivity in hot mix asphalt, International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 15(1) (2014) 66-78.
5
[6] M. Solaimanian, R.F. Bonaquist, V. Tandon, Improved conditioning and testing procedures for HMA moisture susceptibility, Transportation Research Board, 2007.
6
[7] J.A. Epps, Compatibility of a test for moisture-induced damage with superpave volumetric mix design, Transportation Research Board, 2000.
7
[8] M.S. Buchanan, V.M. Moore, Laboratory accelerated stripping simulator for hot mix asphalt, 2005.
8
[9] B. Birgisson, R. Roque, G.C. Page, Evaluation of water damage using hot mix asphalt fracture mechanics (with discussion), Journal of the association of asphalt paving technologists, 72 (2003).
9
[10] R. Roque, B. Birgisson, C. Drakos, G. Sholar, Guidelines for use of modified binders, 2005.
10
[11] S. Hesami, H. Roshani, G.H. Hamedi, A. Azarhoosh, Evaluate the mechanism of the effect of hydrated lime on moisture damage of warm mix asphalt, Construction and Building Materials, 47 (2013) 935-941.
11
[12] L.N. Mohammad, S. Cooper Jr, A. Raghavendra, Evaluation of Superpave Mixtures Containing Hydrated Lime, 2013.
12
[13] S. Tayfur, H. Ozen, A. Aksoy, Investigation of rutting performance of asphalt mixtures containing polymer modifiers, Construction and Building Materials, 21(2) (2007) 328-337.
13
[14] G.H. Hamedi, Moisture Damage of Asphalt Mixture Modeling Based on Surface Free Energy, Amirkabir Universit of Engineering, 2015.
14
[15] M. Arabani, G.H. Hamedi, Using the surface free energy method to evaluate the effects of polymeric aggregate treatment on moisture damage in hot-mix asphalt, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 23(6) (2010) 802-811.
15
[16] G.M. Elphingstone, Adhesion and Cohesion in Asphalt- Aggregate Systems, Texas A&M University, 1997.
16
[17] J.N. Dybalski, Cationic surfactants in asphalt adhesion, in: Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists Proceedings, 1982.
17
[18] M.E. Hellsten, A.W. Klingberg, S.E. Svennberg, Asphalt compositions having improved adhesion to aggregate, in, Google Patents, 1975.
18
[19] D.W. Gilmore, T.G. Kugele, Asphalt-adhesion improving additives prepared by formaldehyde condensation with polyamines, in, Google Patents, 1987.
19
[20] G. Jones, The effect of hydrated lime on asphalt in bituminous pavements, in: NLA Meeting, Utah DOT, 1997.
20
[21] S. Abo-Qudais, H. Al-Shweily, Effect of antistripping additives on environmental damage of bituminous mixtures, Building and Environment, 42(8) (2007) 2929- 2938.
21
[22] A. Khodaii, V. Khailfeh, M. Dehand, G.H. Hamedi, Evaluating the Effect of Zycosoil on Moisture Damage of Hot Mix Asphalt Using the Surface Energy Method,
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cost Overruns and Delay in Municipal Construction Projects in Developing Countries
Cost overruns and delay are common issues in the construction industry of developing and developed countries. In this article, compared with construction projects in other developing countries, the common causes of the cost overruns and delay in delivering municipal construction projects are discussed. This case study considers municipal construction projects in the city of Karaj, as one of the fastest developing cities in Iran. To meet the objectives of this research, 72 different types of urban roads and building projects are considered. This study shows that small-budget and short-term municipal projects, generally, experience higher cost and time performance. This paper contributes to the construction project management body of knowledge by a comprehensive analysis of cost overruns and delays in delivering municipal construction projects in developing countries. The findings of this study may be used by municipalities, for the realistic strategic planning of their construction projects, especially in developing countries.
https://ajce.aut.ac.ir/article_918_3104b82d835ccef2644970595ee504ee.pdf
2017-05-01
31
38
10.22060/ceej.2017.12189.5163
Municipal construction project
Cost overruns
Delay
Developing countries
Urban projects
G.
Heravi
1
School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Mohammadian
2
School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Y.-M. Cheng; “An exploration into cost-influencing factors on construction projects,” International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 850-860, 2014.
1
[2] Z. Shehu, I.R. Endut, A. Akintoye, G.D. Holt; “Cost overrun in the Malaysian construction industry projects: A deeper insight,” International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 32, No. 8, pp. 1471-1480, 2014.
2
[3] G.J. Sweis, R. Sweis, M.A. Rumman, R.A. Hussein, S.E. Dahiya; “Cost overruns in public construction projects: the case of Jordan,” Journal of American Science, Vol. 9, No. 7, pp. 134-141, 2013.
3
[4] E.A. Najafabadi, S.S. Pimplikar; “The significant Causes and effects of delays in Ghadir 2206 residential project,” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 75-81, 2013.
4
[5] P. González, V. González, K. Molenaar, F. Orozco; “Analysis of Causes of Delay and Time Performance in Construction Projects,” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 140, No. 1, pp. 04013027, 2014.
5
[6] P.F. Kaming, P.O. Olomolaiye, G.D. Holt, F.C. Harris; “Factors influencing construction time and cost overruns on high-rise projects in Indonesia,” Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 83-94, 1997.
6
[7] A.S. Faridi, S.M. El?Sayegh; “Significant factors causing delay in the UAE construction industry,” Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 24, No. 11, pp. 1167- 1176, 2006.
7
[8] S.A. Assaf, S. Al-Hejji; “Causes of delay in large construction projects,” International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 349-357, 2006.
8
[9] A.A. Aibinu, G.O. Jagboro; “The effects of construction delays on project delivery in Nigerian construction industry,” International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 20, No. 8, pp. 593-599, 2002.
9
[10] M. Sambasivan, Y.W. Soon; “Causes and effects of delays in Malaysian construction industry,” International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 25, No. 5, pp. 517- 526, 2007.
10
[11] R.F. Aziz; “Ranking of delay factors in construction projects after Egyptian revolution,” Alexandria Engineering Journal, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 387-406, 2013.
11
[12] M. Abd El-Razek, H. Bassioni, A. Mobarak; “Causes of Delay in Building Construction Projects in Egypt,” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 134, No. 11, pp. 831-841, 2008.
12
[13] H. Doloi, A. Sawhney, K.C. Iyer, S. Rentala; “Analysing factors affecting delays in Indian construction projects,” International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 479-489, 2012.
13
[14] S.S.S. Gardezi, I.A. Manarvi, S.J.S. Gardezi; “Time Extension Factors in Construction Industry of Pakistan,” Procedia Engineering, Vol. 77, No. 0, pp. 196-204, 2014.
14
[15] M.D.M. Rahman, Y.D. Lee, D.K. Ha; “Investigating Main Causes for Schedule Delay in Construction Projects in Bangladesh,” Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 33-46, 2014.
15
[16] M. Khoshgoftar, A.H.A. Bakar, O. Osman; “Causes of Delays in Iranian Construction Projects,” International Journal of Construction Management, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 53-69, 2010.
16
[17] A.H. Alavifar, S. Motamedi, Identification, Evaluation and Classification of Time Delay Risks of Construction Project in Iran, in: International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, IEOM, Bali, Indonesia, 2014, pp. 919-929.
17
[18] P. Ghoddousi, M.R. Hosseini; “A survey of the factors affecting the productivity of construction projects in Iran,” Technological and Economic Development of Economy, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 99-116, 2012.
18
[19] H. Khalafizadeh, R.T. Mirhosseini, O. Tayari; “Investigating causes of delay in construction projects and presenting a solution (Case study of northwest projects of Iran),” New York Science Journal, Vol. 7, No. 10, pp. 43-47, 2014.
19
[20] T. Pourrostam, A. Ismail; “Significant Factors Causing and Effects of Delay in Iranian Construction Projects,” Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 7, pp. 450-456, 2011.
20
[21] B. Akinci, M. Fischer; “Factors Affecting Contractors’ Risk of Cost Overburden,” Journal of Management in Engineering, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 67-76, 1998.
21
[22] A. Bhargava, P.C. Anastasopoulos, S. Labi, K.C. Sinha, F.L. Mannering; “Three-Stage Least-Squares Analysis of Time and Cost Overruns in Construction Contracts,” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 136, No. 11, pp. 1207-1218, 2010.
22
[23] H. Doloi; “Cost Overruns and Failure in Project Management: Understanding the Roles of Key Stakeholders in Construction Projects,” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 139, No. 3, pp. 267-279, 2013.
23
[24] A. Enshassi, J. Al-Najjar, M. Kumaraswamy; “Delays and cost overruns in the construction projects in the Gaza Strip,” Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 126-151, 2009.
24
[25] Y. Frimpong, J. Oluwoye, L. Crawford; “Causes of delay and cost overruns in construction of groundwater projects in a developing countries; Ghana as a case study,” International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 321-326, 2003.
25
[26] C.T. Jahren, A.M. Ashe; “Predictors of Cost?Overrun Rates,” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 116, No. 3, pp. 548-552, 1990.
26
[27] R.L. Daft, Organization Theory and Design, Eleventh Edition ed., South-Western College Pub, USA, 2013.
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[28] J. Reyers, J. Mansfield; “The assessment of risk in conservation refurbishment projects,” Structural Survey, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 238-244, 2001.
28
[29] P.A. Koushki, K. Al?Rashid, N. Kartam; “Delays and cost increases in the construction of private residential projects in Kuwait,” Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 285-294, 2005.
29
[30] T. Lo, I. Fung, K. Tung; “Construction Delays in Hong Kong Civil Engineering Projects,” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 132, No. 6, pp. 636-649, 2006.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optimal Stiffeners Spacing for Intermediate Link in Eccentrically Braced Frame to Increase Energy Dissipation
In general, the behavior of an eccentrically braced frames (EBF) is dependent on the link member characteristics. An efficient link is designed ductile enough to dissipate energy and to prevent the collapse of the frame. Since the link member is reinforced with stiffeners, in order to improve its ductility and plastic deformation capacity, the details of stiffeners design shall be considered more precisely. The existing relationships for web stiffeners spacing in the provisions are based on the behavior of short links with pure shear, while these relationships are applied for intermediate links with shear-bending behavior as well, without any modification. Recent studies have shown the non-conservative stiffeners spacing for some intermediate links. In this study, an optimization algorithm is presented to find the best arrangement of the intermediate link stiffeners. The objective function is the plastic dissipated energy by link before failure and the design variables are locations of stiffeners. The link is simulated under static cyclic loads with finite element software ABAQUS. The heuristic optimization algorithm has been coded in the MATLAB software to find the optimum solutions. The results show that the dissipated energy before failure can be improved significantly by modification of stiffeners spacing.
https://ajce.aut.ac.ir/article_932_c8aee79d560d91dd2f151f2474cdcba4.pdf
2017-05-01
39
44
10.22060/ceej.2017.12345.5176
Eccentrically Braced Frame
Dissipated Energy
optimization
Link Member
Static Cyclic Loading
M.
Mojarad
1
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Daei
2
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Hejazi
3
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] A. Daneshmand, B.H. Hashemi, Performance of intermediate and long links in eccentrically braced frames, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 70 (2012) 167-176.
1
[2] T. Okazaki, M.D. Engelhardt, Cyclic loading behavior of EBF links constructed of AStM A992 steel, Journal of constructional steel Research, 63(6) (2007) 751-765.
2
[3] P.W. Richards, Cyclic stability and capacity design of steel eccentrically braced frames, University of California, San Diego, 2004.
3
[4] P. Gálvez, Investigation of factors affecting web fractures in shear links, University of Texas at Austin, 2004.
4
[5] B. Chegeni, A. Mohebkhah, Rotation capacity improvement of long link beams in eccentrically braced frames, Scientia Iranica. Transaction A, Civil Engineering, 21(3) (2014) 516.
5
[6] N.D. Lagaros, L.D. Psarras, M. Papadrakakis, G. Panagiotou, Optimum design of steel structures with web openings, Engineering Structures, 30(9) (2008) 2528- 2537.
6
[7] M. Ohsaki, T. Nakajima, Optimization of link member of eccentrically braced frames for maximum energy dissipation, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 75 (2012) 38-44.
7
[8] G. Arce, Impact of higher strength steels on local buckling and overstrength of links in eccentrically braced frames, University of Texas at Austin, 2002.
8
[9] K. Kasai, E.P. Popov, Cyclic web buckling control for shear link beams, Journal of Structural Engineering, 112(3) (1986) 505-523.
9
[10] ABAQUS, Dassault Systémes Simulia Corp., in, 2014.
10
[11] H. Amiri, A. Aghakouchak, S. Shahbeyk, M. Engelhardt, Finite element simulation of ultra low cycle fatigue cracking in steel structures, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 89 (2013) 175-184.
11
[12] J.R. Rice, D.M. Tracey, On the ductile enlargement of voids in triaxial stress fields*, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 17(3) (1969) 201-217.
12
[13] A.M. Kanvinde, Micromechanical simulation of earthquake-induced fracture in steel structures, 2004.
13
[14] E. Kaufmann, B. Metrovich, A. Pense, Characterization of cyclic inelastic strain behavior on properties of A572 Gr. 50 and A913 Gr. 50 rolled sections, (2001).
14
[15] R. Eberhart, J. Kennedy, A new optimizer using particle swarm theory, in: Micro Machine and Human Science, 1995. MHS’95., Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on, IEEE, 1995, pp. 39-43.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An Experimental and Numerical Study on the Effect of Loading Type and Specimen Geometry on Mode-I Fracture Toughness of Rock
ABSTRACT: As fracture toughness (KIC) is one of the most practical parameters in fracture mechanics of rock, this article aims to investigate this parameter both experimentally and numerically. In the current research, mode-I fracture toughness of a kind of limestone was investigated by performing Brazilian disc, cylinder direct tension and under bending cubs. Through performing some tests on straight notched Brazilian disc specimen (SNBD), the effect of specimen diameter and crack length on the rock mode-I fracture toughness was investigated. Moreover, in order to determine the effect of the loading type on the mode I fracture toughness; two other tests were conducted on the cylinder direct tension specimens and cubic specimens (DT and SENB). Then, the effect of the crack length and the specimen diameter on the rocks mode-I fracture toughness was investigated through conducting the statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the results obtained in DT and SNBD tests. In order to determine the requiredparameters of DT and SNBD specimens for fracture toughness, finite-element software was used. The results showed that by increasing the diameter from 75 mm to 95 mm, for Brazilian disc specimens the average fracture toughness increases by 30%. Also it seems that factors such as the test and loading type as well as the crack geometry can affect the fracture roughness parameter.
https://ajce.aut.ac.ir/article_993_221a26219142527bdce432211f38fb77.pdf
2017-05-01
45
54
10.22060/ceej.2017.12347.5177
Mode-I fracture toughness
SNBD
DT and SENB specimens
Loading type
Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA)
Three-dimensional numerical modeling
A.
Fahimifar
1
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
R.
Heidari Moghadam
2
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] A. Fahimifar, M. Malekpour, Experimental and numerical analysis of indirect and direct tensile strength using fracture mechanics concepts, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 71(2) (2012) 269-283.
1
[2] M. Iqbal, B. Mohanty, Experimental calibration of stress intensity factors of the ISRM suggested cracked chevron-notched Brazilian disc specimen used for determination of mode-I fracture toughness, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 43(8) (2006) 1270-1276.
2
[3] M. Aliha, M. Sistaninia, D. Smith, M. Pavier, M. Ayatollahi, Geometry effects and statistical analysis of mode I fracture in guiting limestone, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 51 (2012) 128-135.
3
[4] L. Tutluoglu, C. Keles, Mode I fracture toughness determination with straight notched disk bending method, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 48(8) (2011) 1248-1261.
4
[5] F. Ouchterlony, Extension of the compliance and stress intensity formulas for the single edge crack round bar in bending, in: Fracture Mechanics for Ceramics, Rocks, and Concrete, AStM International, 1981.
5
[6] K. Khan, N. Al-Shayea, Effect of specimen geometry and testing method on mixed mode I-II fracture toughness of a limestone rock from Saudi Arabia, Rock mechanics and rock engineering, 33(3) (2000) 179-206.
6
[7] E.J. Hansen, V.E. Saouma, Numerical simulation of reinforced concrete deterioration: Part 2-Steel corrosion and concrete cracking, ACI Materials Journal, 96 (1999) 331-338.
7
[8] S. Mohammadi, Extended finite element method: for fracture analysis of structures, John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
8
[9] A.L. Amarasiri, J.K. Kodikara, Determination of cohesive properties for mode I fracture from beams of soft rock, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 48(2) (2011) 336-340.
9
[10] V. Birtel, P. Mark, Parameterised finite element modelling of RC beam shear failure, in: ABAQUS Users’ Conference, 2006, pp. 95-108.
10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Alkaline Activator on Workability and Compressive Strength of Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete
In this study, experimental results on alkali activated slag (AAS) concrete was assessed to achieve the optimum strength and workability. The alkali contents of Na2O to activate slag in concrete were equal to 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5 % by mass of slag and silicate moduli of alkali solution varied from 0.45, 0.65, 0.85 and 1.05. The compressive strength test of concrete specimens over 7, 28 and 90 days was measured. To evaluate the concrete workability, the slump of fresh concrete and the setting time of paste were also examined. The results showed that in the proposed range of activation, by increasing the amount of alkali concentration as well as silicate modulus in activator solutions, the workability and compressive strength increased but the setting time of paste reduced. Optimum values for the preparation of AAS mixtures with suitable compressive strength and desirable workability are suggested based on the results.
https://ajce.aut.ac.ir/article_1018_76298ec730afbf3dce0ce29dfa9b2298.pdf
2017-05-01
55
60
10.22060/ceej.2017.12375.5190
Compressive Strength
workability
setting time
alkali-activated slag concrete
alkaline activator
K.
Behfarnia
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Taghvayi Yazeli
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
M. B.
Khalili Khasraghi
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] P.-C. Aı̈tcin, Cements of yesterday and today: concrete of tomorrow, Cement and Concrete research, 30(9) (2000) 1349-1359.
1
[2] J.L. Provis, J.S. van Deventer, Alkali activated materials, Springer, 2014.
2
[3] M. Taylor, C. Tam, D. Gielen, Energy efficiency and CO2 emissions from the global cement industry, Korea, 50(2.2) (2006) 61.67.
3
[4] E. Gartner, Industrially interesting approaches to “low- CO2” cements, Cement and Concrete research, 34(9) (2004) 1489-1498.
4
[5] F. Pacheco-Torgal, J. Labrincha, C. Leonelli, A. Palomo, P. Chindaprasit, Handbook of alkali-activated cements, mortars and concretes, Elsevier, 2014.
5
[6] P. Duxson, J.L. Provis, G.C. Lukey, J.S. Van Deventer, The role of inorganic polymer technology in the development of ‘green concrete’, Cement and Concrete Research, 37(12) (2007) 1590-1597.
6
[7] A.A.M. Neto, M.A. Cincotto, W. Repette, Drying and autogenous shrinkage of pastes and mortars with activated slag cement, Cement and Concrete Research, 38(4) (2008) 565-574.
7
[8] D. Krizan, B. Zivanovic, Effects of dosage and modulus of water glass on early hydration of alkali-slag cements, Cement and Concrete Research, 32(8) (2002) 1181-1188.
8
[9] M.-c. Chi, J.-j. Chang, R. Huang, Strength and drying shrinkage of alkali-activated slag paste and mortar, Advances in Civil Engineering, 2012 (2012).
9
[10] F. Collins, J. Sanjayan, Effect of pore size distribution on drying shrinking of alkali-activated slag concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, 30(9) (2000) 1401-1406.
10
[11] F. Puertas, M. Palacios, T. Vázquez, Carbonation process of alkali-activated slag mortars, Journal of Materials Science, 41(10) (2006) 3071-3082.
11
[12] T. Bakharev, J.G. Sanjayan, Y.-B. Cheng, Alkali activation of Australian slag cements, Cement and Concrete Research, 29(1) (1999) 113-120.
12
[13] C.D. Atis, C. Bilim, Ö. Çelik, O. Karahan, Influence of activator on the strength and drying shrinkage of alkali-activated slag mortar, Construction and building materials, 23(1) (2009) 548-555.
13
[14] N. Marjanovic, M. Komljenovic, Z. Bašcarevic, V. Nikolic, R. Petrovic, Physical-mechanical and microstructural properties of alkali-activated fly ash-blast furnace slag blends, Ceramics International, 41(1) (2015) 1421-1435.
14
[15] T. Bakharev, J. Sanjayan, Y.-B. Cheng, Effect of elevated temperature curing on properties of alkali-activated slag concrete, Cement and concrete research, 29(10) (1999) 1619-1625.
15
[16] T. Bakharev, Geopolymeric materials prepared using Class F fly ash and elevated temperature curing, Cement and Concrete Research, 35(6) (2005) 1224-1232.
16
[17] S.-D. Wang, K.L. Scrivener, P. Pratt, Factors affecting the strength of alkali-activated slag, Cement and Concrete Research, 24(6) (1994) 1033-1043.
17
[18] M. Chi, R. Huang, Binding mechanism and properties of alkali-activated fly ash/slag mortars, Construction and Building Materials, 40 (2013) 291-298.
18
[19] BS 1881: Part 120: 1983, Method for Determination of Compressive Strength of Concrete Cores, BSI, UK; 1983.
19
[20] ASTM C143-90. Standard test method for slump of hydraulic cement concrete. Annual book of ASTM Standards, vol. 04, United States; 1998.
20
[21] ASTM C191-08. Standard test methods for time of setting of hydraulic cement by Vicat needle. Annual book of ASTM Standards, vol. 04, United States; 2008.
21
[22] C. Shi, R.L. Day, Selectivity of alkaline activators for the activation of slags, Cement, Concrete and Aggregates, 18(1) (1996) 8-14.
22
[23] C. Yip, J. Van Deventer, Microanalysis of calcium silicate hydrate gel formed within a geopolymeric binder, Journal of Materials Science, 38(18) (2003) 3851-3860.
23
[24] G. Sun, J.F. Young, R.J. Kirkpatrick, The role of Al in C-S-H: NMR, XRD, and compositional results for precipitated samples, Cement and Concrete Research, 36(1) (2006) 18-29.
24
[25] X. Pardal, I. Pochard, A. Nonat, Experimental study of Si-Al substitution in calcium-silicate-hydrate (CSH) prepared under equilibrium conditions, Cement and Concrete Research, 39(8) (2009) 637-643.
25
[26] M.B. Haha, G. Le Saout, F. Winnefeld, B. Lothenbach, Influence of activator type on hydration kinetics, hydrate assemblage and microstructural development of alkali activated blast-furnace slags, Cement and Concrete Research, 41(3) (2011) 301-310.
26
[27] W.-C. Wang, H.-Y. Wang, M.-H. Lo, The fresh and engineering properties of alkali activated slag as a function of fly ash replacement and alkali concentration, Construction and Building Materials, 84 (2015) 224- 229.
27
[28] F. Collins, J. Sanjayan, Workability and mechanical properties of alkali activated slag concrete, Cement and concrete research, 29(3) (1999) 455-458.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Bio-Deposition on Mechanical Performance of Cement-Based Materials
ABSTRACT: Applications of concrete are expanding rapidly all over the world, in a way that approximately7% of the entire CO2 emit into the atmosphere by human pertains to the interventions made to nature in orderto produce concrete. Hence, the need for producing types of concrete that are more compatible with sustainabledevelopment is felt more than ever. Finding novel methods for making cement-based materials to reducecement consumption and the resulting pollution are of great importance among researchers. Improving theproperties of these materials using microbial calcite sediments is an environment-friendly technique with anacceptable performance. To improve the compressive strength of cement mortar, microbial calcite sedimentsproduced by Bacillus Subtilis and Sporosarcina Ureae bacteria types were used in this study. Recent studieswere also investigated in this paper. To examine the effect of the culture environment, two general designs(with and without extra urea) with different concentrations of zero to 106 cells per milliliter were developed.Moreover, to study the effect of the curing method, two processing curing schemes (in distilled water and ina mineral-containing nutrient environment) were considered. The results show the proper effectiveness of thismethod, in a way that up to 35% increase in the samples’ compressive strength may be observed depending onbacterium type and curing method.
https://ajce.aut.ac.ir/article_926_cd65b880878e537e10a120f1265574ea.pdf
2017-05-01
61
66
10.22060/ceej.2017.12378.5192
Cement Mortar
Bacteria
Microbial Precipitation
Sporosarcina Ureae
Bacillus Subtilis
A. A.
Ramezanianpour
1
Concrete Technology and Durability Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
V.
Bokaeian
2
Concrete Technology and Durability Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Bagheri
3
Concrete Technology and Durability Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M. A.
Moeini
4
Concrete Technology and Durability Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] A.A. Ramezanianpour, M. Peydayesh, Concrete Recognition (Materials, Properties, Technology), 1st ed., Amirkabir University Publication, Tehran, 2010.
1
[2] M. Peydayesh, Concrete and its interaction with the environment, in: 2nd International Conference of Concrete and Development, Tehran, 2005.
2
[3] E. Worrell, L. Price, N. Martin, C. Hendriks, L.O. Meida, Carbon dioxide emissions from the global cement industry, Annual review of energy and the environment, 26(1) (2001) 303-329.
3
[4] R. Bellucci, P. Cremonesi, G. Pignagnoli, A preliminary note on the use of enzymes in conservation: the removal of aged acrylic resin coatings with lipase, Studies in conservation, 44(4) (1999) 278-281.
4
[5] B. De Graef, W. De Windt, J. Dick, W. Verstraete, N. De Belie, Cleaning of concrete fouled by lichens with the aid ofThiobacilli, Materials and structures, 38(10) (2005) 875-882.
5
[6] W. De Muynck, K. Cox, N. De Belie, W. Verstraete, Bacterial carbonate precipitation as an alternative surface treatment for concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 22(5) (2008) 875-885.
6
[7] S.K. Ramachandran, V. Ramakrishnan, S.S. Bang, Remediation of concrete using micro-organisms, ACI Materials Journal-American Concrete Institute, 98(1) (2001) 3-9.
7
[8] A. Wahhabi, A.A. Ramezanianpour, K. Noghabi Akbari, Application of a new method to increase compressive strength of concrete using microorganisms, in: 1st National Concrete Conference, 2012.
8
[9] F. Nosouhian, D. Mostofinejad, H. Hasheminejad, Influence of biodeposition treatment on concrete durability in a sulphate environment, Biosystems Engineering, 133 (2015) 141-152.
9
[10] W. De Muynck, D. Debrouwer, N. De Belie, W Verstraete, Bacterial carbonate precipitation improves the durability of cementitious materials, Cement and concrete Research, 38(7) (2008) 1005-1014.
10
[11] R. Siddique, V. Nanda, E.-H. Kadri, M.I. Khan, M. Singh, A. Rajor, Influence of bacteria on compressive strength and permeation properties of concrete made with cement baghouse filter dust, Construction and Building Materials, 106 (2016) 461-469.
11
[12] R. Siddique, K. Singh, M. Singh, V. Corinaldesi, A. Rajor, Properties of bacterial rice husk ash concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 121 (2016) 112- 119.
12
[13] V. Ramakrishnan, K. Deo, E. Duke, S. Bang, SEM investigation of microbial calcite precipitation in cement, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Cement Microscopy, INTERNATIONAL CEMENT MICROSCOPY ASSOCIATION, 1999, pp. 406-414.
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Damage Indicators of Weld and Cyclic Response of Steel Moment Frame Connection Using Side Stiffener Plates
ABSTRACT: The beam to column connection with side stiffeners in steel moment frames is a moment resisting connection. This type of connection is able to reduce the damage caused by seismic loads. It also has the capability to increase the rate of energy absorption. Moreover, the plastic joints in the base beam significantly reduce the failure of the connection components, including connection region plates, welding, column, etc. In this paper, after introducing the damage indices, the indices were extracted and compared in the weld of the components of connection under cyclic loading. Then, the hysteresis behavior of the connection was examined. For this purpose, modeling was done using finite element method by considering the effects of large deformations. The effects of changes in the thickness of top flange plate, presence or absence of the stiffener plates inside the column and the column thickness changes on the damage indices of the weld of different parts of the connection were studied. Finally, the effect of variations of aforementioned components on the hysteresis parameters of the connection was examined and compared. The results of the present study showed that the variation of the components of connection leads to dramatic changes of a number of damage indices and thereby hysteresis parameters, including the rate of energy loss. As a result, the potential for damage failure may vary.
https://ajce.aut.ac.ir/article_943_2df13b1e4610ca1b7af762869eb9398b.pdf
2017-05-01
67
76
10.22060/ceej.2017.12351.5200
Energy Absorption
damage index
finite element
Large Deformations
Welding
M.
Raftari
1
Departement Of Civil Engineering, Faculty Of Engineering, Khoramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khoramabad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
R.
Mahjoub
2
Departement Of Civil Engineering, Faculty Of Engineering, Khoramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khoramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Hekmati
3
Departement Of Civil Engineering, Faculty Of Engineering, Khoramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khoramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Y. Wang, H. Zhou, Y. Shi, J. Xiong, Fracture prediction of welded steel connections using traditional fracture mechanics and calibrated micromechanics based models, International Journal of Steel Structures, 11(3) (2011) 351-366.
1
[2] S. El-Tawil, T. Mikesell, E. Vidarsson, S. Kunnath, Strength and ductility of FR welded-bolted connections, Rep. No. SAC/BD-98, 1 (1998).
2
[3] J. Lemaitre, A course on damage mechanics, Springer Science & Business Media, 2012.
3
[4] N. Shanmugan, L. Ting, S. Lee, Behaviour of I-beam to box-column connections stiffened externally and subjected to fluctuating loads, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 20(2) (1991) 129-148.
4
[5] S. Chen, H. Lin, Experimental study of steel I-Beam to Box-Column moment connection, in: 4th international conference on steel structures and space frames, Singapore, 1990, pp. 41-47.
5
[6] M. Ghobadi, M. Ghassemieh, A. Mazroi, A. Abolmaali, Seismic performance of ductile welded connections using T-stiffener, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 65(4) (2009) 766-775.
6
[7] K.-J. Shin, Y.-J. Kim, Y.-S. Oh, T.-S. Moon, Behavior of welded CFT column to H-beam connections with external stiffeners, Engineering Structures, 26(13) (2004) 1877-1887.
7
[8] S.J. Venture, G.D. Committee, Recommended seismic design criteria for new steel moment-frame buildings, Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2000.
8
[9] J. Hancock, A. Mackenzie, On the mechanisms of ductile failure in high-strength steels subjected to multi-axial stress-states, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 24(2-3) (1976) 147-160.
9
[10] S.W. Code-Steel, American Welding Society, Miami, Fla, (2004) 175-180.
10
[11] R.N. White, P.J. Fang, Framing connections for square structural tubing, Journal of the Structural Division, 92(2) (1966) 175-194.
11
[12] AISC, Specification for Structural Steel Buildings; American Institute of Steel Construction, in, Inc, 2005.
12
[13] A. Deylami, A. Toloukian, Effect of Geometry of Vertical Rib Plate on Cyclic Behavior of Steel Beam to Built-up Box Column Moment Connection, Procedia Engineering, 14 (2011) 3010-3018.
13
[14] M. Ghobadi, A. Mazroi, M. Ghassemieh, Cyclic response characteristics of retrofitted moment resisting connections, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 65(3) (2009) 586-598.
14
[15] A. Deylami, M. Salami, Retrofitting of Moment Connection of Double-I Built-Up Columns using Trapezoidal Stiffeners, Procedia Engineering, 14 (2011) 2544-2551.
15
[16] J. Ricles, C. Mao, L. Lu, J. Fisher, Development and evaluation of improved ductile welded unreinforced flange connections. SAC Joint Venture, Sacramento, Calif. 2000; Rep. No, SAC/BD-00/24.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Contamination in Surface Soil along Tehran-Semnan Road, Iran
ABSTRACT: The objective of the current research is carrying out the evaluation of the distribution,source, and environmental health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds in soil samples taken from the vicinity of Tehran-Semnan road, Iran. This road is a densely populated one in central northern part of Iran with a heavy load of vehicular traffics and several industrial complexes. Four different sampling sites (S1 to S4) were selected in the studied area and then a concentration of 16 PAHs compounds in taken soil samples were measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Total PAHs concentrations varied significantly from 148.4 ng g-1 to 721 ng g-1. The Siman-e Tehran (S1) site has the highest average total PAHs concentrations (654.55 ng g-1) and Dehenamak (S4) has the lowest average total PAHs concentrations (168.7 ng g-1) among the studied sites. The obtained total PAH concentrations in the studied soil samples are relatively lower than those reported in the literature for similar areas. The diagnostic ratios of fluoranthene to pyrene (Flu/Pyr) and phenanthrene to anthracene (Phe/Ant) were used to determine the petrogenic and pyrogenic sources of PAHs, respectively. The derived results indicated that PAHs contamination in the majority of studied soil samples was caused by both petrogenic and pyrogenic process.
https://ajce.aut.ac.ir/article_919_d854b00a8b0a54a4931fbe634adf77a6.pdf
2017-05-01
77
86
10.22060/ceej.2017.12380.5204
PAHs
Distribution
Soil
Sources
Iran
A.
Khoshand
1
Faculty of Civil Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
B.
Tabiatnejad
2
School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, British Columbia, Canada
AUTHOR
S.
Siddiqua
3
School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, British Columbia, Canada
AUTHOR
H. R.
Kamalan
4
Department of Civil Engineering, Pardis Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pardis, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Fathi
5
Faculty of Civil Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] M. Nadal, M. Schuhmacher, J. Domingo, Levels of PAHs in soil and vegetation samples from Tarragona County, Spain, Environmental Pollution, 132(1) (2004) 1-11.
1
[2] J. Dai, S. Li, Y. Zhang, R. Wang, Y. Yu, Distributions, sources and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in topsoil at Ji’nan city, China, Environmental monitoring and assessment, 147(1) (2008) 317-326.
2
[3] J.-H. Sun, G.-L. Wang, Y. Chai, G. Zhang, J. Li, J. Feng, Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Henan reach of the Yellow River, Middle China, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72(5) (2009) 1614-1624.
3
[4] K. Brindha, L. Elango, PAHs contamination in groundwater from a part of metropolitan city, India: a study based on sampling over a 10-year period, Environmental earth sciences, 71(12) (2014) 5113-5120.
4
[5] H. Yu, Environmental carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: photochemistry and phototoxicity, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 20(2) (2002) 149-183.
5
[6] M. Raza, M.P. Zakaria, N.R. Hashim, U.H. Yim, N. Kannan, S.Y. Ha, Composition and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mangrove sediments of Peninsular Malaysia: indication of anthropogenic input, Environmental earth sciences, 70(6) (2013) 2425-2436.
6
[7] N.-j. Hu, P. Huang, J.-h. Liu, D.-y. Ma, X.-f. Shi, J. Mao, Y. Liu, Characterization and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments in the Yellow River Estuary, China, Environmental earth sciences, 71(2) (2014) 873-883.
7
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59
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Rotational Components of Strong Ground Motions on the Response of Cooling Towers Based on Dense Array Data (A Case Study: Kazeron Cooling Tower)
ABSTRACT: The effect of earthquake rotational component (torsional and rocking ones) on the structures,has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. The impact of the rocking and torsionalcomponents of the ground motion, particularly on high-rise and height-wise irregular structures, is significant. Inthis paper, the rotational components of earthquake record were computed employing the acceleration gradientmethod, using the data obtained from a dense accelerometer array, and the behavior of the cooling towers underthe influence of these rotational components was investigated. To this end, three distinct loading combinationswere applied to the tower, and the results were examined and compared. The loading combinations include1) three translational components of earthquake record, 2) applying rotational and translational componentsof the earthquake simultaneously, and 3) applying translational and rocking components concurrently. Theresponse of the tower under the two latter loading combinations was compared with that of the first one. Theresults indicate that in the case of simultaneous action of translational and rocking components, displacementsand support reactions, on average, increase by 5% in comparison with the case of applying solely translationalcomponent. Furthermore, including the torsional component, in addition to the rocking one, leads to a rise ofnearly 6% in the displacements and supports reaction in comparison with the first loading combination results.
https://ajce.aut.ac.ir/article_1009_1f73c880f6771b42dbdb299167fc9f30.pdf
2017-05-01
87
92
10.22060/ceej.2017.12687.5249
Rocking Motion
Chiba array
Dense array
Torsional Motion
Cooling Tower
G. R.
Nouri
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Bararnia
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] N.M. Newmark, Torsion in symmetrical buildings, in: 4th World Conference on Earthquake, Santiago, Chile, 1969, pp. 19-32.
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[3] M.R. Ghayamghamian, M. Motosaka, The effects of torsion and motion coupling in site response estimation, Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, 32(5) (2003) 691-709.
3
[4] M. Ghayamghamian, G. Nouri, On the characteristics of ground motion rotational components using Chiba dense array data, Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, 36(10) (2007) 1407-1429.
4
[5] P. Spudich, L.K. Steck, M. Hellweg, J. Fletcher, L.M. Baker, Transient stresses at Parkfield, California, produced by the M 7.4 Landers earthquake of June 28, 1992: Observations from the UPSAR dense seismograph array, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 100(B1) (1995) 675-690.
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[6] D. Basu, A.S. Whittaker, M.C. Constantinou, Extracting rotational components of earthquake ground motion using data recorded at multiple stations, Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 42(3) (2013) 451-468.
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[7] M.R. Falamarz-Sheikhabadi, Simplified relations for the application of rotational components to seismic design codes, Engineering Structures, 59 (2014) 141-152.
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[8] M. Falamarz-Sheikhabadi, M. Ghafory-Ashtiany, Rotational components in structural loading, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 75 (2015) 220- 233.
8
[9] L.K. Sarokolayi, B.N. Neya, H. Tavakoli, J.V. Amiri, Dynamic Analysis of Elevated Water Storage Tanks due to Ground Motions’ Rotational and Translational Components, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 39(6) (2014) 4391-4403.
9
[10] Z. Zembaty, Rotational seismic load definition in Eurocode 8, Part 6, for slender tower-shaped structures, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99(2B) (2009) 1483-1485.
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23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An Investigation on Biological Treatment of Sandy Soil
ABSTRACT: Due to environmental problems of desert expansion as well as dust storms, looking for moreefficient and comprehensive methods to stabilize dune sands seems to be an essential necessity. MicrobialinducedCaCO3 precipitation (MICP) is an innovative technique that harnesses bacterial activities to modifythe physical and mechanical properties of soils. This method produces calcium carbonate precipitation inthe soil pores by fracturing urea in the presence of calcium ions. An important factor in achieving uniformcalcite deposition (and hence consistent enhancement of geotechnical properties) throughout the treated soilmass is the protocol adopted to inject the reagents of ureolytic bacteria, urea, and calcium. In this study, anurease microorganism was prepared in the laboratory and injected into cylindrical dune sand samples. Afterrequired and appropriate curing time, the samples were subjected to unconfined compression and fallingheadpermeability tests. The test results showed a significant strength improvement and the reduction ofpermeability of the treated samples in comparison with those of untreated soil. The research results verified thecapability of the biological treatment of dune sand which may be regarded as a potential technique to controldesert expansion and dust storms.
https://ajce.aut.ac.ir/article_1037_2759a8f95fafb24bed0a22290e537a7b.pdf
2017-05-01
93
100
10.22060/ceej.2017.12225.5152
Soil improvement
Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation
Ureolytic bacteria
M .
Khaleghi
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
M . A.
Rowshanzamir
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] H. Reuben, Chemical grouting and soil stabilization, Revised and Expanded, (2003).
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[2] F. Kalantary, M. Kahani, Evaluation of the Ability to Control Biological Precipitation to Improve Sandy Soils, Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 15 (2015) 278- 284.
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[22] A. Sharma, R. Ramkrishnan, Study on effect of Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitates on strength of fine grained soils, Perspectives in Science, 8 (2016) 198-202.
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