Effect of Fiber on Mechanical Properties and Toughness of Self-Compacting Concrete Exposed to High Temperatures

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Civil Engineering Department, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

Abstract

The weakness of concrete in tension and its brittleness under various types of loadings has resulted
in using different and convenient fibers, including steel and poly propylene, which in addition increasing of ductility and improvement in post-cracking behavior of concrete, have a major role in minimizing shrinkage and thermal cracks. In this study, the effects of high temperatures (200, 300, 400 and 600 ͦ C) on compressive strength, splitting strength, flexural strength and energy absorption capacity or toughness of self-compacting concretes containing steel, polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers were evaluated. The test results on fresh concrete imply that the increase in fibers make some criteria of self-compacting concrete unachievable. Compared to the unheated non-fiber specimens (SCC2), increasing temperature up to 600oC decreased compressive strength at steel, polypropylene and PET fiber containing specimens 30, 37.5 and 34.5%, respectively. However, residual strengths were 22, 8 and 13% higher than the heated non-fiber specimens. At 600 oC, flexural toughness and maximum flexural load were 5 and 1.8 times higher than control specimens. Adding fibers had a positive effect on specimens’ explosive spalling so that spalling threshold was shifted to higher temperature levels. The proposed relationships and models at the elevated temperature are compared with experimental results. These results are used to predict more accurate and general compressive and splitting strengths, flexural strength, elasticity modulus, flexural load peak-point and flexural deflection relationships.

Highlights

[1] K. Ozawa, K. Maekawa, H. Okamura, “Self-Compacting high performance concrete”, Collected Papers (University of Tokyo: Department of Civil Engineering), 34 (1996): 135-149.

[2] H. Okamura, K. Ozawa, “Self-compactable high-performance concrete in Japan”, International Workshop on High Performance Concrete, 159 (1994).

[3] W. Khaliq, V. Kodur, “Thermal and mechanical properties of fiber reinforced high performance self-consolidating concrete at elevated temperatures”, Cem. Concr. Res., 41(11) (2011): 1112-1122.

[4] ACI 237R-07, Self-Consolidating Concrete, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills. MI, USA (2007).

[5] M.R. Bangi, T. Horiguchi, “Effect of fibre type and geometry on maximum pore pressures in fibre-reinforced high strength concrete at elevated temperatures”, Cem. Concr. Res., 42(2) (2012): 459-466.

[6] H. L. Malhotra, “The effect of temperature on the compressive strength of concrete”, Mag. Concr. Res., 8.23 (1956): 85-94.

[7] K. K. Sideris, “Mechanical characteristics of self-consolidating concretes exposed to elevated temperatures”, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 19 (8) (2007): 648- 654.

[8] M. Husem, “The effects of high temperature on compressive and flexural strengths of ordinary and high-performance concrete”, Fire. Saf. J., 41(2) (2006): 155- 163.

[9] R. Sharma, P. P. Bansal, “Use of different forms of waste plastic in concrete–a review”, J. Cleaner. Prod., 112 (2016): 473-482.

[10] E. Martinelli, A. Caggiano, H. Xargay, “An experimental study on the post-cracking behaviour of Hybrid Industrial/Recycled Steel Fibre-Reinforced Concrete”, Constr. Build. Mater. 94 (2015): 290-298.

[11] A. Caggiano, H. Xargay, P. Folino, E. Martinelli, “Experimental and numerical characterization of the bond behavior of steel fibers recovered from waste tires embedded in cementitious matrices”, Cem. Concr. Compos., 62 (2015): 146-155.

[12] D. Foti, “Use of recycled waste pet bottles fibers for the reinforcement of concrete”, Compos. Struct. 96 (2013): 396-404.

[13] R. P. Borg, aul, O. Baldacchino, F. Liberato, “Early age performance and mechanical characteristics of recycled PET fibre reinforced concrete”, Constr. Build. Mater., 108 (2016): 29-47.

[14] B. Yesilata, Y. Isıker, P. Turgut, “Thermal insulation enhancement in concretes by adding waste PET and rubber pieces”, Constr. Build. Mater., 23(5) (2009): 1878-1882.

[15] F. Fraternali, V. Ciancia, R. Chechile, G. Rizzano, L. Feo, L. Incarnato, “Experimental study of the thermo-mechanical properties of recycled PET fiber-reinforced concrete”, Compos. Struct., 93(9) (2011): 2368-2374.

[16] P. Soroushian, J. Plasencia, S. Ravanbakhsh, “Assessment of reinforcing effects of recycled plastic and paper in concrete”, Mater. J., 100(3) (2003): 203- 207.

[17] A. Noumowé, H. Carré, A. Daoud, H. Toutanji, “High-strength self-compacting concrete exposed to fire test”, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 18(6) (2006): 754-758.

[18] C. S. Poon, Z. H. Shui, L. Lam. “Compressive behavior of fiber reinforced high-performance concrete subjected to elevated temperatures”, Cem. Concr. Res., 34(12) (2004): 2215-2222.

[19] EFNARC European, Specification and guidelines for self-compacting concrete, Federation of National Associations Representing producers and applicators of specialist building products for Concrete, (2005).

[20] Guo, Yong-chang, et al. “Compressive behaviour of concrete structures incorporating recycled concrete aggregates, rubber crumb and reinforced with steel fibre, subjected to elevated temperatures”, J. Cleaner. Pro., 72 (2014): 193-203.

[21] G.F. Peng, W. W. Yang, J. Zhao, Y. F. Liu, S. H. Bian, L. H. Zhao, “Explosive spalling and residual mechanical properties of fiber-toughened high-performance concrete subjected to high temperatures”, Cem. Concr. Res. 36(4) (2006): 723-727.

[22] X. Liu, G. Ye, G. De Schutter, Y. Yuan, L. Taerwe, “On the mechanism of polypropylene fibres in preventing fire spalling in self-compacting and high-performance cement paste”, Cem. Concr. Res., 38(4) (2008): 487-499.

[23] G. A. Khoury, “Polypropylene fibres in heated concrete. Part 2: Pressure relief mechanisms and modelling criteria”, Mag. Concr. Res. 60(3) (2008): 189-204.

[24] A. Lau, M. Anson, “Effect of high temperatures on high performance steel fibre reinforced concrete”, Cem. Concr. Res., 36(9) (2006): 1698-1707.

[25] F. Aslani, B. Samali. “Constitutive relationships for steel fibre reinforced concrete at elevated temperatures”, Fire. Tech., 50(5) (2014): 1249-1268.

[26] F. Aslani, B. Samali, “High strength polypropylene fibre reinforcement concrete at high temperature”, Fire. Tech., 50(5) (2014): 1229-1247.

Keywords

References

[1] K. Ozawa, K. Maekawa, H. Okamura, “Self-Compacting high performance concrete”, Collected Papers (University of Tokyo: Department of Civil Engineering), 34 (1996): 135-149.
[2] H. Okamura, K. Ozawa, “Self-compactable high-performance concrete in Japan”, International Workshop on High Performance Concrete, 159 (1994).
[3] W. Khaliq, V. Kodur, “Thermal and mechanical properties of fiber reinforced high performance self-consolidating concrete at elevated temperatures”, Cem. Concr. Res., 41(11) (2011): 1112-1122.
[4] ACI 237R-07, Self-Consolidating Concrete, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills. MI, USA (2007).
[5] M.R. Bangi, T. Horiguchi, “Effect of fibre type and geometry on maximum pore pressures in fibre-reinforced high strength concrete at elevated temperatures”, Cem. Concr. Res., 42(2) (2012): 459-466.
[6] H. L. Malhotra, “The effect of temperature on the compressive strength of concrete”, Mag. Concr. Res., 8.23 (1956): 85-94.
[7] K. K. Sideris, “Mechanical characteristics of self-consolidating concretes exposed to elevated temperatures”, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 19 (8) (2007): 648- 654.
[8] M. Husem, “The effects of high temperature on compressive and flexural strengths of ordinary and high-performance concrete”, Fire. Saf. J., 41(2) (2006): 155- 163.
[9] R. Sharma, P. P. Bansal, “Use of different forms of waste plastic in concrete–a review”, J. Cleaner. Prod., 112 (2016): 473-482.
[10] E. Martinelli, A. Caggiano, H. Xargay, “An experimental study on the post-cracking behaviour of Hybrid Industrial/Recycled Steel Fibre-Reinforced Concrete”, Constr. Build. Mater. 94 (2015): 290-298.
[11] A. Caggiano, H. Xargay, P. Folino, E. Martinelli, “Experimental and numerical characterization of the bond behavior of steel fibers recovered from waste tires embedded in cementitious matrices”, Cem. Concr. Compos., 62 (2015): 146-155.
[12] D. Foti, “Use of recycled waste pet bottles fibers for the reinforcement of concrete”, Compos. Struct. 96 (2013): 396-404.
[13] R. P. Borg, aul, O. Baldacchino, F. Liberato, “Early age performance and mechanical characteristics of recycled PET fibre reinforced concrete”, Constr. Build. Mater., 108 (2016): 29-47.
[14] B. Yesilata, Y. Isıker, P. Turgut, “Thermal insulation enhancement in concretes by adding waste PET and rubber pieces”, Constr. Build. Mater., 23(5) (2009): 1878-1882.
[15] F. Fraternali, V. Ciancia, R. Chechile, G. Rizzano, L. Feo, L. Incarnato, “Experimental study of the thermo-mechanical properties of recycled PET fiber-reinforced concrete”, Compos. Struct., 93(9) (2011): 2368-2374.
[16] P. Soroushian, J. Plasencia, S. Ravanbakhsh, “Assessment of reinforcing effects of recycled plastic and paper in concrete”, Mater. J., 100(3) (2003): 203- 207.
[17] A. Noumowé, H. Carré, A. Daoud, H. Toutanji, “High-strength self-compacting concrete exposed to fire test”, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 18(6) (2006): 754-758.
[18] C. S. Poon, Z. H. Shui, L. Lam. “Compressive behavior of fiber reinforced high-performance concrete subjected to elevated temperatures”, Cem. Concr. Res., 34(12) (2004): 2215-2222.
[19] EFNARC European, Specification and guidelines for self-compacting concrete, Federation of National Associations Representing producers and applicators of specialist building products for Concrete, (2005).
[20] Guo, Yong-chang, et al. “Compressive behaviour of concrete structures incorporating recycled concrete aggregates, rubber crumb and reinforced with steel fibre, subjected to elevated temperatures”, J. Cleaner. Pro., 72 (2014): 193-203.
[21] G.F. Peng, W. W. Yang, J. Zhao, Y. F. Liu, S. H. Bian, L. H. Zhao, “Explosive spalling and residual mechanical properties of fiber-toughened high-performance concrete subjected to high temperatures”, Cem. Concr. Res. 36(4) (2006): 723-727.
[22] X. Liu, G. Ye, G. De Schutter, Y. Yuan, L. Taerwe, “On the mechanism of polypropylene fibres in preventing fire spalling in self-compacting and high-performance cement paste”, Cem. Concr. Res., 38(4) (2008): 487-499.
[23] G. A. Khoury, “Polypropylene fibres in heated concrete. Part 2: Pressure relief mechanisms and modelling criteria”, Mag. Concr. Res. 60(3) (2008): 189-204.
[24] A. Lau, M. Anson, “Effect of high temperatures on high performance steel fibre reinforced concrete”, Cem. Concr. Res., 36(9) (2006): 1698-1707.
[25] F. Aslani, B. Samali. “Constitutive relationships for steel fibre reinforced concrete at elevated temperatures”, Fire. Tech., 50(5) (2014): 1249-1268.
[26] F. Aslani, B. Samali, “High strength polypropylene fibre reinforcement concrete at high temperature”, Fire. Tech., 50(5) (2014): 1229-1247.
AUT Journal of Civil Engineering
Volume 1, Issue 2
December 2017
Pages 153-166

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