An Investigation on the Effect of Aggregates Packing Density on the Properties of High-Performance Concrete Mixtures

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Civil Engineering Faculty, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Haftbagh Exp. Way, Kerman, Iran

2 Chamical Engineering Faculty, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Haftbagh Exp. Way, Kerman, Iran

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the influence of dry packing density of aggregates on the
mechanical and durability properties of high-performance concrete (HPC) mixtures. For this purpose, four
different aggregate gradations were investigated, including ideal Fuller-Thompson curve (F), ideal Andreasen-
Andersen curve (A) and their modified Funk and Dinger forms (MA and MF). The sequence of dry packing
density of the aggregate gradations was as A >F>MA>MF. However, in contrast to the dry packing density
results, the mixtures with the MF curve outperformed those with the other aggregate gradations in the
durability and mechanical properties. Likewise, the mixture with the ideal Andreasen-Andersen curve (A)
had lower compressive strengths and a higher diffusivity. Thus, the results indicated that the packing density
of dry aggregates could not be indicative of the packing density of concrete and consequently the durability
and mechanical characteristics of HPC. Moreover, the differences between the properties of the mixtures
were more evident at lower w/cm ratios especially at w/cm of 0.31. For instance, the difference between the
compressive strength of HPC mixtures with the MF and An aggregate gradations was about 14 MPa over 28
days. This study has been carried out on the concrete mixtures with compressive strengths up to 110 MPa.

Highlights

[1] S.A. Fennis, J.C. Walraven, Using particle packing technology for sustainable concrete mixture design, Heron, 57 (2012) 2, (2012).

[2] S. Kumar, M. Santhanam, Particle packing theories and their application in concrete mixture proportioning: A review, Indian concrete journal, 77(9) (2003) 1324-1331.

[3] K. Sobolev, The development of a new method for the proportioning of high-performance concrete mixtures, Cement and Concrete Composites, 26(7) (2004) 901-907.

[4] W.B. Fuller, S.E. Thompson, The laws of proportioning concrete, (1907).

[5] K. Sobolev, A. Amirjanov, Application of genetic algorithm for modeling of dense packing of concrete aggregates, Construction and Building materials, 24(8) (2010) 1449-1455.

[6] P.J. Andersen, V. Johansen, A guide to determining the optimal gradation of concrete aggregates, Contract, 100 (1993) 206.

[7] M. Glavind, E. Pedersen, Packing calcuations applied for concrete mix design, in: Utilizing Ready Mix Concrete and Mortar, Thomas Telford Publishing, 1999, pp. 121- 130.

[8] M. Romagnoli, C.S. Csiligardi, Comparison of models for dense particle packing, in: Atti 7° Congresso AIMAT, AIMAT, 2004, pp. 0-0.

[9] J. Dewar, Computer modelling of concrete mixtures, CRC Press, 2002.

[10] F. De Larrard, Concrete mixture proportioning: a scientific approach, CRC Press, 1999.

[11] S. Fennis, Design of ecological concrete by particle packing optimization, (2011).

[12] J.E. Funk, D.R. Dinger, Predictive process control of crowded particulate suspensions: applied to ceramic manufacturing, Springer Science & Business Media, 2013.

[13] R. Yu, P. Spiesz, H. Brouwers, Effect of nano-silica on the hydration and microstructure development of Ultra- High Performance Concrete (UHPC) with a low binder amount, Construction and Building Materials, 65 (2014) 140-150.

[14] M.A. Elrahman, B. Hillemeier, Combined effect of fine fly ash and packing density on the properties of high performance concrete: An experimental approach, Construction and Building Materials, 58 (2014) 225- 233.

[15] M. Jalal, A. Pouladkhan, O.F. Harandi, D. Jafari, Comparative study on effects of Class F fly ash, nano silica and silica fume on properties of high performance self compacting concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 94 (2015) 90-104.

[16] M. Jalal, A.R. Pouladkhan, A.A. Ramezanianpour, H. Norouzi, Effects of silica nano powder and silica fume on rheology and strength of high strength self compacting concrete, Journal of American Science, 8(4) (2012) 270- 277.

[17] M. Saribiyik, A. Piskin, A. Saribiyik, The effects of waste glass powder usage on polymer concrete properties, Construction and building materials, 47 (2013) 840-844.

[18] T. Parhizkar, A.R. Ghasemi, A. Pourkhorshidi, A. Ramezanianpour, Influence of Fly Ash and Dense Packing Method to Increase Durability of HPC Subjected to Acid Corrosion.

[19] Q. Yu, P. Spiesz, H. Brouwers, Development of cement-based lightweight composites–Part 1: mix design methodology and hardened properties, Cement and concrete composites, 44 (2013) 17-29.

[20] P. Spiesz, Q. Yu, H. Brouwers, Development of cement-based lightweight composites–Part 2: Durability-related properties, Cement and Concrete Composites, 44 (2013) 30-40.

[21] Q. Yu, H. Brouwers, Development of a self-compacting gypsum-based lightweight composite, Cement and Concrete Composites, 34(9) (2012) 1033-1043.

[22] H. Mazaheripour, S. Ghanbarpour, S. Mirmoradi, I. Hosseinpour, The effect of polypropylene fibers on the properties of fresh and hardened lightweight self-compacting concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 25(1) (2011) 351-358.

[23] P. Ghoddousi, A.A.S. Javid, J. Sobhani, Effects of particle packing density on the stability and rheology of self-consolidating concrete containing mineral admixtures, Construction and building materials, 53 (2014) 102-109.

[24] R. Yu, D. van Onna, P. Spiesz, Q. Yu, H. Brouwers, Development of ultra-lightweight fibre reinforced concrete applying expanded waste glass, Journal of Cleaner Production, 112 (2016) 690-701.

[25] G. Hüsken, H. Brouwers, On the early-age behavior of zero-slump concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, 42(3) (2012) 501-510.

[26] ACI325-10R-95: State-of-the-Art Report on Roller-compacted Concrete Pavements. American Concrete Institute, USA,2001.

[27] H. Madani, A.A. Ramezanianpour, M. Shahbazinia, V. Bokaeian, S. Ahari, The influence of ultrafine filler materials on mechanical and durability characteristics of concrete, Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal, 49(2) (2016) 251-262.

[28] R.C. Concrete, Design and Construction of Roller Compacted Concrete Pavements in Quebec, (2005).

[29] R. Yu, Q. Song, X. Wang, Z. Zhang, Z. Shui, H. Brouwers, Sustainable development of Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC): Towards to an optimized concrete matrix and efficient fibre application, Journal of Cleaner Production, 162 (2017) 220-233.

[30] X. Wang, R. Yu, Z. Shui, Q. Song, Z. Zhang, Mix design and characteristics evaluation of an eco-friendly Ultra- High Performance Concrete incorporating recycled coral based materials, Journal of Cleaner Production, 165 (2017) 70-80.

[31] A. Gonzalez-Corominas, M. Etxeberria, Properties of high performance concrete made with recycled fine ceramic and coarse mixed aggregates, Construction and Building Materials, 68 (2014) 618-626.

[32] A. C150, Standard specification for Portland cement, in, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012.

[33] C. ASTM, 1240-05 Standard, Specification for silica fume used in cementitious mixtures, West Conshohocken, PA, American Society for Testing and Materials, (2005).

[34] H. Madani, A. Bagheri, T. Parhizkar, The pozzolanic reactivity of monodispersed nanosilica hydrosols and their influence on the hydration characteristics of Portland cement, Cement and concrete research, 42(12) (2012) 1563-1570.

[35] H. Madani, A. Bagheri, T. Parhizkar, A. Raisghasemi, Chloride penetration and electrical resistivity of concretes containing nanosilica hydrosols with different specific surface areas, Cement and Concrete Composites, 53 (2014) 18-24.

[36] P. Nanthagopalan, M. Santhanam, An empirical approach for the optimisation of aggregate combinations for self-compacting concrete, Materials and structures, 45(8) (2012) 1167-1179.

[37] B. EN, 12390-3: 2009, 2009. Testing Hardened Concrete. Compressive Strength of Test Specimens, British Standards Institution.

[38] N. Build, 492. Concrete, mortar and cement-based repair materials: Chloride migration coefficient from non-steady-state migration experiments. 1999, Nordtest method, 492 (2004).

[39] C. ASTM, 642, Standard test method for density, absorption, and voids in hardened concrete, Annual book of ASTM standards, 4 (2006) 02.

[40] B. EN, Testing Hardened Concrete–Part 7: Density of Hardened Concrete, London: British Standard Institution, (2009).

[41] D.N. Richardson, Aggregate Gradation Optimization-- Literature Search, (2005).

[42] A. Amirjanov, K. Sobolev, Optimization of a computer simulation model for packing of concrete aggregates, Particulate Science and Technology, 26(4) (2008) 380- 395.

[43] H.F. Taylor, Cement chemistry, Thomas Telford, 1997.

[44] ACI 363R-10, State-of-the-art Report on High- Strength Concrete. American Concrete Institute, USA, 2010.

Keywords

References

[1] S.A. Fennis, J.C. Walraven, Using particle packing technology for sustainable concrete mixture design, Heron, 57 (2012) 2, (2012).
[2] S. Kumar, M. Santhanam, Particle packing theories and their application in concrete mixture proportioning: A review, Indian concrete journal, 77(9) (2003) 1324-1331.
[3] K. Sobolev, The development of a new method for the proportioning of high-performance concrete mixtures, Cement and Concrete Composites, 26(7) (2004) 901-907.
[4] W.B. Fuller, S.E. Thompson, The laws of proportioning concrete, (1907).
[5] K. Sobolev, A. Amirjanov, Application of genetic algorithm for modeling of dense packing of concrete aggregates, Construction and Building materials, 24(8) (2010) 1449-1455.
[6] P.J. Andersen, V. Johansen, A guide to determining the optimal gradation of concrete aggregates, Contract, 100 (1993) 206.
[7] M. Glavind, E. Pedersen, Packing calcuations applied for concrete mix design, in: Utilizing Ready Mix Concrete and Mortar, Thomas Telford Publishing, 1999, pp. 121- 130.
[8] M. Romagnoli, C.S. Csiligardi, Comparison of models for dense particle packing, in: Atti 7° Congresso AIMAT, AIMAT, 2004, pp. 0-0.
[9] J. Dewar, Computer modelling of concrete mixtures, CRC Press, 2002.
[10] F. De Larrard, Concrete mixture proportioning: a scientific approach, CRC Press, 1999.
[11] S. Fennis, Design of ecological concrete by particle packing optimization, (2011).
[12] J.E. Funk, D.R. Dinger, Predictive process control of crowded particulate suspensions: applied to ceramic manufacturing, Springer Science & Business Media, 2013.
[13] R. Yu, P. Spiesz, H. Brouwers, Effect of nano-silica on the hydration and microstructure development of Ultra- High Performance Concrete (UHPC) with a low binder amount, Construction and Building Materials, 65 (2014) 140-150.
[14] M.A. Elrahman, B. Hillemeier, Combined effect of fine fly ash and packing density on the properties of high performance concrete: An experimental approach, Construction and Building Materials, 58 (2014) 225- 233.
[15] M. Jalal, A. Pouladkhan, O.F. Harandi, D. Jafari, Comparative study on effects of Class F fly ash, nano silica and silica fume on properties of high performance self compacting concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 94 (2015) 90-104.
[16] M. Jalal, A.R. Pouladkhan, A.A. Ramezanianpour, H. Norouzi, Effects of silica nano powder and silica fume on rheology and strength of high strength self compacting concrete, Journal of American Science, 8(4) (2012) 270- 277.
[17] M. Saribiyik, A. Piskin, A. Saribiyik, The effects of waste glass powder usage on polymer concrete properties, Construction and building materials, 47 (2013) 840-844.
[18] T. Parhizkar, A.R. Ghasemi, A. Pourkhorshidi, A. Ramezanianpour, Influence of Fly Ash and Dense Packing Method to Increase Durability of HPC Subjected to Acid Corrosion.
[19] Q. Yu, P. Spiesz, H. Brouwers, Development of cement-based lightweight composites–Part 1: mix design methodology and hardened properties, Cement and concrete composites, 44 (2013) 17-29.
[20] P. Spiesz, Q. Yu, H. Brouwers, Development of cement-based lightweight composites–Part 2: Durability-related properties, Cement and Concrete Composites, 44 (2013) 30-40.
[21] Q. Yu, H. Brouwers, Development of a self-compacting gypsum-based lightweight composite, Cement and Concrete Composites, 34(9) (2012) 1033-1043.
[22] H. Mazaheripour, S. Ghanbarpour, S. Mirmoradi, I. Hosseinpour, The effect of polypropylene fibers on the properties of fresh and hardened lightweight self-compacting concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 25(1) (2011) 351-358.
[23] P. Ghoddousi, A.A.S. Javid, J. Sobhani, Effects of particle packing density on the stability and rheology of self-consolidating concrete containing mineral admixtures, Construction and building materials, 53 (2014) 102-109.
[24] R. Yu, D. van Onna, P. Spiesz, Q. Yu, H. Brouwers, Development of ultra-lightweight fibre reinforced concrete applying expanded waste glass, Journal of Cleaner Production, 112 (2016) 690-701.
[25] G. Hüsken, H. Brouwers, On the early-age behavior of zero-slump concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, 42(3) (2012) 501-510.
[26] ACI325-10R-95: State-of-the-Art Report on Roller-compacted Concrete Pavements. American Concrete Institute, USA,2001.
[27] H. Madani, A.A. Ramezanianpour, M. Shahbazinia, V. Bokaeian, S. Ahari, The influence of ultrafine filler materials on mechanical and durability characteristics of concrete, Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal, 49(2) (2016) 251-262.
[28] R.C. Concrete, Design and Construction of Roller Compacted Concrete Pavements in Quebec, (2005).
[29] R. Yu, Q. Song, X. Wang, Z. Zhang, Z. Shui, H. Brouwers, Sustainable development of Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC): Towards to an optimized concrete matrix and efficient fibre application, Journal of Cleaner Production, 162 (2017) 220-233.
[30] X. Wang, R. Yu, Z. Shui, Q. Song, Z. Zhang, Mix design and characteristics evaluation of an eco-friendly Ultra- High Performance Concrete incorporating recycled coral based materials, Journal of Cleaner Production, 165 (2017) 70-80.
[31] A. Gonzalez-Corominas, M. Etxeberria, Properties of high performance concrete made with recycled fine ceramic and coarse mixed aggregates, Construction and Building Materials, 68 (2014) 618-626.
[32] A. C150, Standard specification for Portland cement, in, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012.
[33] C. ASTM, 1240-05 Standard, Specification for silica fume used in cementitious mixtures, West Conshohocken, PA, American Society for Testing and Materials, (2005).
[34] H. Madani, A. Bagheri, T. Parhizkar, The pozzolanic reactivity of monodispersed nanosilica hydrosols and their influence on the hydration characteristics of Portland cement, Cement and concrete research, 42(12) (2012) 1563-1570.
[35] H. Madani, A. Bagheri, T. Parhizkar, A. Raisghasemi, Chloride penetration and electrical resistivity of concretes containing nanosilica hydrosols with different specific surface areas, Cement and Concrete Composites, 53 (2014) 18-24.
[36] P. Nanthagopalan, M. Santhanam, An empirical approach for the optimisation of aggregate combinations for self-compacting concrete, Materials and structures, 45(8) (2012) 1167-1179.
[37] B. EN, 12390-3: 2009, 2009. Testing Hardened Concrete. Compressive Strength of Test Specimens, British Standards Institution.
[38] N. Build, 492. Concrete, mortar and cement-based repair materials: Chloride migration coefficient from non-steady-state migration experiments. 1999, Nordtest method, 492 (2004).
[39] C. ASTM, 642, Standard test method for density, absorption, and voids in hardened concrete, Annual book of ASTM standards, 4 (2006) 02.
[40] B. EN, Testing Hardened Concrete–Part 7: Density of Hardened Concrete, London: British Standard Institution, (2009).
[41] D.N. Richardson, Aggregate Gradation Optimization-- Literature Search, (2005).
[42] A. Amirjanov, K. Sobolev, Optimization of a computer simulation model for packing of concrete aggregates, Particulate Science and Technology, 26(4) (2008) 380- 395.
[43] H.F. Taylor, Cement chemistry, Thomas Telford, 1997.
[44] ACI 363R-10, State-of-the-art Report on High- Strength Concrete. American Concrete Institute, USA, 2010.
AUT Journal of Civil Engineering
Volume 1, Issue 2
December 2017
Pages 205-214

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