Analysis of Local Site Effects on Seismic Ground Response under Various Earthquakes

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Department of civil engineering, Faculty of engineering, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran

Abstract

By assessment of induced damages to structures and major infrastructures, seismic geotechnical researchers have concluded that the site conditions significantly influence on the failure distribution in urban and rural areas. Consequently, to determine the characteristics of seismic motions of the ground, it is essential to study the effective geotechnical factors. In this study influence of local site effects and soil conditions on the intensity of ground motion are investigated with two methods (non-linear and equivalent linear methods) based on one dimensional shear wave propagation in soil layer theory. In this regard, some series of site response analyses which consider various input motions, geotechnical parameters of site and non-linear properties were performed. The comparisons demonstrated that non-linear method provides a more accurate characterization of the true non-linear soil behavior compared to the equivalent-linear procedures. The earthquakes with Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA)less than 0.1 g have the most increase in horizontal acceleration at the surface in comparison with the earthquakes with greater peak accelerations.

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1] EPRI, Soil response to earthquake ground motion, Electric Power Research Institute (1991) NP-5747, pp. 5293.
[2] S.L. Kramer, Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Hall, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, (1996).
[3] G. Scasserra, J.P. Stewart, P. Bazzurro, G. Lanzo, F. Mollaioli, A comparison of NGA ground-motion prediction equations to Italian data, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99(5) (2009) 2961-2978.
[4] G. Yu, J.G. Anderson, R. Siddharthan, On the characteristics of nonlinear soil response, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 83(1) (1993) 218-244.
[5] J. Aguirre, K. Irikura, Nonlinearity, liquefaction, and velocity variation of soft soil layers in Port Island, Kobe, during the Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological society of America, 87(5) (1997) 1244-1258.
[6] Y. Fukushima, K. Irikura, T. Uetake, H. Matsumoto, Characteristics of observed peak amplitude for strong ground motion from the 1995 Hyogoken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 90(3) (2000) 545-565.
[7] A.D. Frankel, D.L. Carver, R.A. Williams, Nonlinear and linear site response and basin effects in Seattle for the M 6.8 Nisqually, Washington, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92(6) (2002) 2090-2109.
[8] M. Aschheim, E. Black, Effects of prior earthquake damage on response of simple stiffness-degrading structures, Earthquake Spectra, 15(1) (1999) 1-24.
[9] A. Rodriguez-Marek, J.D. Bray, N.A. Abrahamson, An empirical geotechnical seismic site response procedure, Earthquake Spectra, 17(1) (2001) 65-87.
[10] C. Amadio, M. Fragiacomo, S. Rajgelj, The effects of repeated earthquake ground motions on the nonā€linear response of SDOF systems, Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, 32(2) (2003) 291-308.
[11] K. Pitilakis, C. Gazepis, A. Anastasiadis, Design response spectra and soil classification for seismic code provisions, in: Proceedings of 13th world conference on earthquake engineering, Vancouver, Citeseer, 2004, pp. 1-6.
[12] C.-G. Sun, D.-S. Kim, C.-K. Chung, Geologic site conditions and site coefficients for estimating earthquake ground motions in the inland areas of Korea, Engineering Geology, 81(4) (2005) 446-469.
[13] Y.E. Mohamedzein, J. Abdalla, A. Abdelwahab, Site response and earthquake design spectra for central Khartoum, Sudan, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 4(3) (2006) 277.
[14] A. Cavallaro, S. Grasso, M. Maugeri, Site Response Analysis for Tito Scalo Area (PZ) in the Basilicata Region, Italy, in: Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics IV, 2008, pp. 1-11.
[15] Z.J. Yang, U. Dutta, G. Xu, K. Hazirbaba, E.E. Marx, Numerical analysis of permafrost effects on the seismic site response, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 31(3) (2011) 282-290.
[16] V. Phanikanth, D. Choudhury, G.R. Reddy, Equivalent-linear seismic ground response analysis of some typical sites in Mumbai, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 29(6) (2011) 1109.
[17] K. Goda, Nonlinear response potential of mainshock–aftershock sequences from Japanese earthquakes, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 102(5) (2012) 2139-2156.
[18] C. cadet, P.-Y. Bard, A. Rodriguez-Marek, Site effect assessment using KiK-net data: Part 1. A simple correction procedure for surface/downhole spectral ratios, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 10(2) (2012) 421-448
[19] A. Zahedi-Khameneh, R.J. Scherer, M. Zaré, A non-parametric wave type based model for real-time prediction of strong ground motion accelerogram, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 49 (2013) 181-196.
[20] C.-H. Zhai, W.-P. Wen, Z. Chen, S. Li, L.-L. Xie, Damage spectra for the mainshock–aftershock sequence-type ground motions, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 45 (2013) 1-12
[21] J. Ruiz-García, M.V. Marín, A. Terán-Gilmore, Effect of seismic sequences in reinforced concrete frame buildings located in soft-soil sites, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 63 (2014) 56-68.
[22] F. Nagashima, S. Matsushima, H. Kawase, F.J. Sánchez-Sesma, T. Hayakawa, T. Satoh, M. Oshima, Application of horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios of earthquake ground motions to identify subsurface structures at and around the K-NET site in Tohoku, Japan, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 104(5) (2014) 2288-2302.
[23] R. Han, Y. Li, J. van de Lindt, Impact of aftershocks and uncertainties on the seismic evaluation of non-ductile reinforced concrete frame buildings, Engineering Structures, 100 (2015) 149-163.
[24] Y.M. Hashash, S. Dashti, M.I. Romero, M. Ghayoomi, M. Musgrove, Evaluation of 1-D seismic site response modeling of sand using centrifuge experiments, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 78 (2015) 19-31.
[25] O. Stamati, N. Klimis, T. Lazaridis, Evidence of complex site effects and soil non-linearity numerically estimated by 2D vs 1D seismic response analyses in the city of Xanthi, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 87 (2016) 101-115.
[26] M. Rong, Z. Wang, E.W. Woolery, Y. Lyu, X. Li, S. Li, Nonlinear site response from the strong ground-motion recordings in western China, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 82 (2016) 99-110.
[27] G.G. Amiri, F.M. Dana, S. Sedighi, Determination of Design Acceleration Spectra for Different Site Conditions, Magnitudes, Safety Levels and Damping Ratios in Iran, international journal of civil engineering, 6(3) (2008) 184-197.
[28] J.D. Bray, A. Rodriguez-Marek, Characterization of forward-directivity ground motions in the near-fault region, Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering, 24(11) (2004) 815-828.
[29] R. Jalali, M. Trifunac, G.G. Amiri, M. Zahedi, Wave-passage effects on strength-reduction factors for design of structures near earthquake faults, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 27(8) (2007) 703-711.
[30] F. Mazza, A. Vulcano, Nonlinear dynamic response of rc framed structures subjected to near-fault ground motions, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 8(6) (2010) 1331-1350.
[31] J.W. Baker, Quantitative classification of near-fault ground motions using wavelet analysis, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 97(5) (2007) 1486-1501.
[32] F. Mazza, M. Mazza, Nonlinear modeling and analysis of rc spatial frames to study the effects of the vertical component of near-fault ground motions, in: Proceeding of III ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake (COMPDYN 2011), 2011.
[33] L. Di Sarno, A. Elnashai, G. Manfredi, Assessment of RC columns subjected to horizontal and vertical ground motions recorded during the 2009 L’Aquila (Italy) earthquake, Engineering structures, 33(5) (2011) 1514-1535.