Compressive Toughness of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Containing Different Types of Steel Fiber under Monotonic Loading

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

Abstract

ABSTRACT: The noticeable brittleness of lightweight aggregate concrete limits its vast application. Using steel fibers will improve the disadvantage contrived in this type of concrete. Steel fiber increases the ductility and prevention of brittle failure of the concrete. In this paper, the influence of steel fiber on the ability of lightweight concrete to absorb energy during the response in compression has been investigated. For this purpose, steel fiber ratios of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 percent by the volume of the sample were used. The sample with 0.0 percent steel fiber ratio was used as a reference to be compared with other samples. Two types of steel fibers, including hooked-end and crimped, were used. All of the fine and coarse aggregates were lightweight. The results show that there is no noticeable improvement in the pre-peak energy absorption by adding steel fiber to the composite. The increase of steel fiber ratio changes the shape of the descending branch of the stress-strain curve in compression and increases the
compressive toughness of lightweight aggregate concrete. Furthermore, based on the experimental data,
the relationship between compressive strength and steel fiber volume fraction was derived.

Highlights

[1] A. M. Neville, J. J. Brooks, Concrete technology, 1987.

[2] ACI 318, Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary, American Concrete Institute, 2014.

[3] A. Bilodeau, V. Kodur, G. Hoff, Optimization of the type and amount of polypropylene fibres for preventing the spalling of lightweight concrete subjected to hydrocarbon fire, Cement and Concrete Composites, 26(2) (2004) 163-174.

[4] C. L. Hwang, M.-F. Hung, Durability design and performance of self-consolidating lightweight concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 19(8) (2005) 619- 626.

[5] K. Melby, E. A. Jordet, C. Hansvold, Long-span bridges in Norway constructed in high-strength LWA concrete, Engineering Structures, 18(11) (1996) 845-849.

[6] A. Haug, S. Fjeld, A floating concrete platform hull made of lightweight aggregate concrete, Engineering Structures, 18(11) (1996) 831-836.

[7] J. A. Rossignolo, M. V. Agnesini, J. A. Morais, Properties of high performance LWAC for precast structures with Brazilian lightweight aggregates, Cement and Concrete Composites, 25(1) (2003) 77-82.

[8] E. Yasar, C. D. Atis, A. Kilic, H. Gulsen, Strength properties of lightweight concrete made with basaltic pumice and fly ash, Materials Letters, 57(15) (2003) 2267-2270.

[9] M. Haque, H. Al-Khaiat, O. Kayali, Strength and durability of lightweight concrete, Cement and Concrete Composites, 26(4) (2004) 307-314.

[10] M. H. Zhang, O. E. Gjvorv, Mechanical properties of high-strength lightweight concrete, ACI Materials Journal, 88(3) (1991) 240-247.

[11] T. P. Chang, M. M. Shieh, Fracture properties of lightweight concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, 26(2) (1996) 181-188.

[12] P. K. Mehta, P.J. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties and Materials. 2006.

[13] R. Balendran, F. Zhou, A. Nadeem, A. Leung, Influence of steel fibres on strength and ductility of normal and lightweight high strength concrete, Building and Environment, 37(12) (2002) 1361-1367.

[14] G. Campione, L. La Mendola, Behavior in compression of lightweight fiber reinforced concrete confined with transverse steel reinforcement, Cement and Concrete Composites, 26(6) (2004) 645-656.

[15] O. Kayali, M. Haque, B. Zhu, Some characteristics of high strength fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete, Cement and Concrete Composites, 25(2) (2003) 207-213.

[16] F. F. Wafa, S. A. Ashour, Mechanical properties of high-strength fiber reinforced concrete, Materials Journal, 89(5) (1992) 449-455.

[17] S. Popovics, A numerical approach to the complete stress-strain curve of concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, 3(5) (1973) 583-599.

[18] P. Kumar, A compact analytical material model for unconfined concrete under uni-axial compression, Materials and Structures, 37(9) (2004) 585 590.

[19] A. Tasnimi, Mathematical model for complete stress-strain curve prediction of normal, light-weight and high-strength concretes, Magazine of Concrete Research, 56(1) (2004) 23 34.

[20] L. S. Hsu, C. T. Hsu, Stress-strain behavior of steel-fiber high-strength concrete under compression, ACI Structural Journal, 91(4) (1994) 448 457.

[21] M. Nataraja, N. Dhang, A. Gupta, Stress-strain curves for steel-fiber reinforced concrete under compression, Cement and Concrete Composites, 21(5) (1999) 383 390.

[22] P. N. Balaguru, S. P. Shah, Fiber-reinforced cement composites, 1992.

[23] C. Poon, Z. Shui, L. Lam, Compressive behavior of fiber reinforced high-performance concrete subjected to elevated temperatures, Cement and Concrete Research, 34(12) (2004) 2215-2222.

[24] K. H. Mo, K. K. Q. Yap, U.J. Alengaram, M.Z. Jumaat, The effect of steel fibres on the enhancement of flexural and compressive toughness and fracture characteristics of oil palm shell concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 55 (2014) 20-28.

[25] N. A. Libre, M. Shekarchi, M. Mahoutian, P. Soroushian, Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete made with natural pumice, Construction and Building Materials, 25(5) (2011) 2458-2464.

[26] J. jun Li, C. jun Wan, J. gang Niu, L. feng Wu, Y. chao Wu, Investigation on flexural toughness evaluation method of steel fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 131 (2017) 449-458.

[27] A. Bentur, S. Mindess, Fibre reinforced cementitious composites, CRC Press, 2006.

[28] P. Pierre, R. Pleau, M. Pigeon, Mechanical properties of steel microfiber reinforced cement pastes and mortars, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 11(4) (1999) 317-324.

[29] H. Dabbagh, S. Akbarpour, K. Amoorezaei, Effect of geometric characteristics of steel fiber on the mechanical properties of structural lightweight aggregate concrete, 9th National Congress on Civil Engineering, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Iran (2016).

[30] ACI 211.2, Standard practice for selecting proportions for structural lightweight concrete, American Concrete Institute, 2004.

[31] O. A. Düzgün, R. Gül, A. C. Aydin, Effect of steel fibers on the mechanical properties of natural lightweight aggregate concrete, Materials Letters, 59(27) (2005) 3357-3363.

[32] J. Gao, W. Sun, K. Morino, Mechanical properties of steel fiber-reinforced, high-strength, lightweight concrete, Cement and Concrete Composites, 19(4) (1997) 307-313.

[33] T. T. Hsu, Y. L. Mo, Unified theory of concrete structures, John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

[34] B. Hughes, N. Fattuhi, Stress-strain curves for fibre reinforced concrete in compression, Cement and Concrete Research, 7(2) (1977) 173-183.

[35] F. Altun, Experimental investigation of lightweight concrete with steel fiber, J. Eng. Sci, 12(3) (2006) 333- 339.

[36] B. Chen, J. Liu, Properties of lightweight expanded polystyrene concrete reinforced with steel fiber, Cement and Concrete Research, 34(7) (2004) 1259-1263.

[37] P. Shafigh, H. Mahmud, M. Z. Jumaat, Effect of steel fiber on the mechanical properties of oil palm shell lightweight concrete, Materials & Design, 32(7) (2011) 3926-3932.

[38] G. Campione, N. Miraglia, M. Papia, Mechanical properties of steel fibre reinforced lightweight concrete with pumice stone or expanded clay aggregates, Materials and Structures, 34(4) (2001) 201-210.

Keywords

References

[1] A. M. Neville, J. J. Brooks, Concrete technology, 1987.
[2] ACI 318, Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary, American Concrete Institute, 2014.
[3] A. Bilodeau, V. Kodur, G. Hoff, Optimization of the type and amount of polypropylene fibres for preventing the spalling of lightweight concrete subjected to hydrocarbon fire, Cement and Concrete Composites, 26(2) (2004) 163-174.
[4] C. L. Hwang, M.-F. Hung, Durability design and performance of self-consolidating lightweight concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 19(8) (2005) 619- 626.
[5] K. Melby, E. A. Jordet, C. Hansvold, Long-span bridges in Norway constructed in high-strength LWA concrete, Engineering Structures, 18(11) (1996) 845-849.
[6] A. Haug, S. Fjeld, A floating concrete platform hull made of lightweight aggregate concrete, Engineering Structures, 18(11) (1996) 831-836.
[7] J. A. Rossignolo, M. V. Agnesini, J. A. Morais, Properties of high performance LWAC for precast structures with Brazilian lightweight aggregates, Cement and Concrete Composites, 25(1) (2003) 77-82.
[8] E. Yasar, C. D. Atis, A. Kilic, H. Gulsen, Strength properties of lightweight concrete made with basaltic pumice and fly ash, Materials Letters, 57(15) (2003) 2267-2270.
[9] M. Haque, H. Al-Khaiat, O. Kayali, Strength and durability of lightweight concrete, Cement and Concrete Composites, 26(4) (2004) 307-314.
[10] M. H. Zhang, O. E. Gjvorv, Mechanical properties of high-strength lightweight concrete, ACI Materials Journal, 88(3) (1991) 240-247.
[11] T. P. Chang, M. M. Shieh, Fracture properties of lightweight concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, 26(2) (1996) 181-188.
[12] P. K. Mehta, P.J. Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties and Materials. 2006.
[13] R. Balendran, F. Zhou, A. Nadeem, A. Leung, Influence of steel fibres on strength and ductility of normal and lightweight high strength concrete, Building and Environment, 37(12) (2002) 1361-1367.
[14] G. Campione, L. La Mendola, Behavior in compression of lightweight fiber reinforced concrete confined with transverse steel reinforcement, Cement and Concrete Composites, 26(6) (2004) 645-656.
[15] O. Kayali, M. Haque, B. Zhu, Some characteristics of high strength fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete, Cement and Concrete Composites, 25(2) (2003) 207-213.
[16] F. F. Wafa, S. A. Ashour, Mechanical properties of high-strength fiber reinforced concrete, Materials Journal, 89(5) (1992) 449-455.
[17] S. Popovics, A numerical approach to the complete stress-strain curve of concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, 3(5) (1973) 583-599.
[18] P. Kumar, A compact analytical material model for unconfined concrete under uni-axial compression, Materials and Structures, 37(9) (2004) 585 590.
[19] A. Tasnimi, Mathematical model for complete stress-strain curve prediction of normal, light-weight and high-strength concretes, Magazine of Concrete Research, 56(1) (2004) 23 34.
[20] L. S. Hsu, C. T. Hsu, Stress-strain behavior of steel-fiber high-strength concrete under compression, ACI Structural Journal, 91(4) (1994) 448 457.
[21] M. Nataraja, N. Dhang, A. Gupta, Stress-strain curves for steel-fiber reinforced concrete under compression, Cement and Concrete Composites, 21(5) (1999) 383 390.
[22] P. N. Balaguru, S. P. Shah, Fiber-reinforced cement composites, 1992.
[23] C. Poon, Z. Shui, L. Lam, Compressive behavior of fiber reinforced high-performance concrete subjected to elevated temperatures, Cement and Concrete Research, 34(12) (2004) 2215-2222.
[24] K. H. Mo, K. K. Q. Yap, U.J. Alengaram, M.Z. Jumaat, The effect of steel fibres on the enhancement of flexural and compressive toughness and fracture characteristics of oil palm shell concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 55 (2014) 20-28.
[25] N. A. Libre, M. Shekarchi, M. Mahoutian, P. Soroushian, Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete made with natural pumice, Construction and Building Materials, 25(5) (2011) 2458-2464.
[26] J. jun Li, C. jun Wan, J. gang Niu, L. feng Wu, Y. chao Wu, Investigation on flexural toughness evaluation method of steel fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 131 (2017) 449-458.
[27] A. Bentur, S. Mindess, Fibre reinforced cementitious composites, CRC Press, 2006.
[28] P. Pierre, R. Pleau, M. Pigeon, Mechanical properties of steel microfiber reinforced cement pastes and mortars, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 11(4) (1999) 317-324.
[29] H. Dabbagh, S. Akbarpour, K. Amoorezaei, Effect of geometric characteristics of steel fiber on the mechanical properties of structural lightweight aggregate concrete, 9th National Congress on Civil Engineering, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Iran (2016).
[30] ACI 211.2, Standard practice for selecting proportions for structural lightweight concrete, American Concrete Institute, 2004.
[31] O. A. Düzgün, R. Gül, A. C. Aydin, Effect of steel fibers on the mechanical properties of natural lightweight aggregate concrete, Materials Letters, 59(27) (2005) 3357-3363.
[32] J. Gao, W. Sun, K. Morino, Mechanical properties of steel fiber-reinforced, high-strength, lightweight concrete, Cement and Concrete Composites, 19(4) (1997) 307-313.
[33] T. T. Hsu, Y. L. Mo, Unified theory of concrete structures, John Wiley & Sons, 2010.
[34] B. Hughes, N. Fattuhi, Stress-strain curves for fibre reinforced concrete in compression, Cement and Concrete Research, 7(2) (1977) 173-183.
[35] F. Altun, Experimental investigation of lightweight concrete with steel fiber, J. Eng. Sci, 12(3) (2006) 333- 339.
[36] B. Chen, J. Liu, Properties of lightweight expanded polystyrene concrete reinforced with steel fiber, Cement and Concrete Research, 34(7) (2004) 1259-1263.
[37] P. Shafigh, H. Mahmud, M. Z. Jumaat, Effect of steel fiber on the mechanical properties of oil palm shell lightweight concrete, Materials & Design, 32(7) (2011) 3926-3932.
[38] G. Campione, N. Miraglia, M. Papia, Mechanical properties of steel fibre reinforced lightweight concrete with pumice stone or expanded clay aggregates, Materials and Structures, 34(4) (2001) 201-210.
AUT Journal of Civil Engineering
Volume 1, Issue 1
May 2017
Pages 15-22

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