Effect of Rotational Components of Strong Ground Motions on the Response of Cooling Towers Based on Dense Array Data (A Case Study: Kazeron Cooling Tower)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Department of Civil Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

ABSTRACT: The effect of earthquake rotational component (torsional and rocking ones) on the structures,
has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. The impact of the rocking and torsional
components of the ground motion, particularly on high-rise and height-wise irregular structures, is significant. In
this paper, the rotational components of earthquake record were computed employing the acceleration gradient
method, using the data obtained from a dense accelerometer array, and the behavior of the cooling towers under
the influence of these rotational components was investigated. To this end, three distinct loading combinations
were applied to the tower, and the results were examined and compared. The loading combinations include
1) three translational components of earthquake record, 2) applying rotational and translational components
of the earthquake simultaneously, and 3) applying translational and rocking components concurrently. The
response of the tower under the two latter loading combinations was compared with that of the first one. The
results indicate that in the case of simultaneous action of translational and rocking components, displacements
and support reactions, on average, increase by 5% in comparison with the case of applying solely translational
component. Furthermore, including the torsional component, in addition to the rocking one, leads to a rise of
nearly 6% in the displacements and supports reaction in comparison with the first loading combination results.

Highlights

[1] N.M. Newmark, Torsion in symmetrical buildings, in: 4th World Conference on Earthquake, Santiago, Chile, 1969, pp. 19-32.

[2] M. Ghafory-Ashtiany, M.P. Singh, Structural response for six correlated earthquake components, Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, 14(1) (1986) 103-119.

[3] M.R. Ghayamghamian, M. Motosaka, The effects of torsion and motion coupling in site response estimation, Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, 32(5) (2003) 691-709.

[4] M. Ghayamghamian, G. Nouri, On the characteristics of ground motion rotational components using Chiba dense array data, Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, 36(10) (2007) 1407-1429.

[5] P. Spudich, L.K. Steck, M. Hellweg, J. Fletcher, L.M. Baker, Transient stresses at Parkfield, California, produced by the M 7.4 Landers earthquake of June 28, 1992: Observations from the UPSAR dense seismograph array, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 100(B1) (1995) 675-690.

[6] D. Basu, A.S. Whittaker, M.C. Constantinou, Extracting rotational components of earthquake ground motion using data recorded at multiple stations, Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 42(3) (2013) 451-468.

[7] M.R. Falamarz-Sheikhabadi, Simplified relations for the application of rotational components to seismic design codes, Engineering Structures, 59 (2014) 141-152.

[8] M. Falamarz-Sheikhabadi, M. Ghafory-Ashtiany, Rotational components in structural loading, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 75 (2015) 220- 233.

[9] L.K. Sarokolayi, B.N. Neya, H. Tavakoli, J.V. Amiri, Dynamic Analysis of Elevated Water Storage Tanks due to Ground Motions’ Rotational and Translational Components, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 39(6) (2014) 4391-4403.

[10] Z. Zembaty, Rotational seismic load definition in Eurocode 8, Part 6, for slender tower-shaped structures, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99(2B) (2009) 1483-1485.

[11] S.K.M. Rao, T.A. Rao, Stress resultants in hyperboloid cooling tower shells subjected to foundation settlement, Computers & structures, 52(4) (1994) 813-827.

[12] C. Xu, C. Spyrakos, Seismic analysis of towers including foundation uplift, Engineering structures, 18(4) (1996) 271-278.

[13] A. Nasir, D. Thambiratnam, D. Butler, P. Austin, Dynamics of axisymmetric hyperbolic shell structures, Thin-walled structures, 40(7) (2002) 665-690.

[14] J. Noorzaei, A. Naghshineh, M.A. Kadir, W. Thanoon, M. Jaafar, Nonlinear interactive analysis of cooling tower-foundation-soil interaction under unsymmetrical wind load, Thin-walled structures, 44(9) (2006) 997-1005.

[15] T. Katayama, F. Yamazaki, S. Nagata, L. Lu, T. Turker, Development of strong motion database for the Chiba seismometer array, Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, (1990).

[16] G. Nouri, M. Ghayamghamian, M. Hashemifard, Evaluation of Torsional Component of Ground Motion by Different Methods Using Dense Array Data, in: Seismic Behaviour and Design of Irregular and Complex Civil Structures II, Springer, 2016, pp. 25-34.

[17] P. Bodin, J. Gomberg, S. Singh, M. Santoyo, Dynamic deformations of shallow sediments in the Valley of Mexico, Part I: Three-dimensional strains and rotations recorded on a seismic array, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 87(3) (1997) 528-539.

[18] C.A. Langston, Wave gradiometry in two dimensions, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 97(2) (2007) 401-416

[19] C.A. Langston, Spatial gradient analysis for linear seismic arrays, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 97(1B) (2007) 265-280.

[20] H.T. Riahi, B. Haghighi, Static and dynamic soil-structure interaction response of Kazeroon cooling towers, in: 8th International Congress on Civil Engineering, Shiraz, Iran, 2009.

[21] G. Gazetas, Foundation vibrations, in: Foundation engineering handbook, Springer, 1991, pp. 553-593.

[22] M. Hashish, S. Abu-Sitta, Ring-stiffened hyperbolic cooling towers under static wind loading, Building Science, 7(3) (1972) 175-181.

[23] C.S. Gran, T. Yang, Doubly curved membrane shell finite element, Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, 105(4) (1979) 567-584.

Keywords

References

[1] N.M. Newmark, Torsion in symmetrical buildings, in: 4th World Conference on Earthquake, Santiago, Chile, 1969, pp. 19-32.
[2] M. Ghafory-Ashtiany, M.P. Singh, Structural response for six correlated earthquake components, Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, 14(1) (1986) 103-119.
[3] M.R. Ghayamghamian, M. Motosaka, The effects of torsion and motion coupling in site response estimation, Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, 32(5) (2003) 691-709.
[4] M. Ghayamghamian, G. Nouri, On the characteristics of ground motion rotational components using Chiba dense array data, Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, 36(10) (2007) 1407-1429.
[5] P. Spudich, L.K. Steck, M. Hellweg, J. Fletcher, L.M. Baker, Transient stresses at Parkfield, California, produced by the M 7.4 Landers earthquake of June 28, 1992: Observations from the UPSAR dense seismograph array, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 100(B1) (1995) 675-690.
[6] D. Basu, A.S. Whittaker, M.C. Constantinou, Extracting rotational components of earthquake ground motion using data recorded at multiple stations, Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 42(3) (2013) 451-468.
[7] M.R. Falamarz-Sheikhabadi, Simplified relations for the application of rotational components to seismic design codes, Engineering Structures, 59 (2014) 141-152.
[8] M. Falamarz-Sheikhabadi, M. Ghafory-Ashtiany, Rotational components in structural loading, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 75 (2015) 220- 233.
[9] L.K. Sarokolayi, B.N. Neya, H. Tavakoli, J.V. Amiri, Dynamic Analysis of Elevated Water Storage Tanks due to Ground Motions’ Rotational and Translational Components, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 39(6) (2014) 4391-4403.
[10] Z. Zembaty, Rotational seismic load definition in Eurocode 8, Part 6, for slender tower-shaped structures, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99(2B) (2009) 1483-1485.
[11] S.K.M. Rao, T.A. Rao, Stress resultants in hyperboloid cooling tower shells subjected to foundation settlement, Computers & structures, 52(4) (1994) 813-827.
[12] C. Xu, C. Spyrakos, Seismic analysis of towers including foundation uplift, Engineering structures, 18(4) (1996) 271-278.
[13] A. Nasir, D. Thambiratnam, D. Butler, P. Austin, Dynamics of axisymmetric hyperbolic shell structures, Thin-walled structures, 40(7) (2002) 665-690.
[14] J. Noorzaei, A. Naghshineh, M.A. Kadir, W. Thanoon, M. Jaafar, Nonlinear interactive analysis of cooling tower-foundation-soil interaction under unsymmetrical wind load, Thin-walled structures, 44(9) (2006) 997-1005.
[15] T. Katayama, F. Yamazaki, S. Nagata, L. Lu, T. Turker, Development of strong motion database for the Chiba seismometer array, Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, (1990).
[16] G. Nouri, M. Ghayamghamian, M. Hashemifard, Evaluation of Torsional Component of Ground Motion by Different Methods Using Dense Array Data, in: Seismic Behaviour and Design of Irregular and Complex Civil Structures II, Springer, 2016, pp. 25-34.
[17] P. Bodin, J. Gomberg, S. Singh, M. Santoyo, Dynamic deformations of shallow sediments in the Valley of Mexico, Part I: Three-dimensional strains and rotations recorded on a seismic array, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 87(3) (1997) 528-539.
[18] C.A. Langston, Wave gradiometry in two dimensions, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 97(2) (2007) 401-416
[19] C.A. Langston, Spatial gradient analysis for linear seismic arrays, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 97(1B) (2007) 265-280.
[20] H.T. Riahi, B. Haghighi, Static and dynamic soil-structure interaction response of Kazeroon cooling towers, in: 8th International Congress on Civil Engineering, Shiraz, Iran, 2009.
[21] G. Gazetas, Foundation vibrations, in: Foundation engineering handbook, Springer, 1991, pp. 553-593.
[22] M. Hashish, S. Abu-Sitta, Ring-stiffened hyperbolic cooling towers under static wind loading, Building Science, 7(3) (1972) 175-181.
[23] C.S. Gran, T. Yang, Doubly curved membrane shell finite element, Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, 105(4) (1979) 567-584.
AUT Journal of Civil Engineering
Volume 1, Issue 1
May 2017
Pages 87-92

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics