Analysis of Chloride Diffusivity in Green Concrete Based on Fick’s Second Law

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 civil engineering department, Sirjan university of technology, Sirjan, Iran

2 Civil engineering department, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, Iran

Abstract

 The important factor that plays a significant role in preventing the entry of destructive elements into concrete is the cementitious composition of concrete. Moreover, reuse of agricultural wastes in concrete which called green concrete can replace materials used in the manufacturing of concrete and also reduce the negative effects on the environment, such as reduction of waste disposal and CO2 emissions. In this study, green concrete was produced with ash of Horsetail plant and Rice Husk residues containing a large amount of silicon as an additive with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%, replacing Portland cement in four different concrete mix designs. In order to investigate chloride penetration after concrete curing, the specimens were exposed to salinity levels of 0.7, 15 and 35 dS/m from one surface for 150 days with a 10 cm water head. In terms of concrete strength, the optimum percentage of plant ash was 15%. The results showed the trend diffusion coefficient of conventional concrete > green concrete- Horse-tail ash> green concrete-rice husk ash. Thus, green concrete, in addition to the appropriate strength specifications and reduction of environmental problems, also has a major role in the reduction of chloride ion penetration into areas exposed to solutions containing chloride ions.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Mo, K.H. Alengaram, U. Jumaat, M.Z, Yap, S.P. Lee, S.C. 2016. Green concrete partially comprised of farming waste residues: a review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 1-35.
[2] H. Ebrahimi, H. Rabieyfar, Green concrete is a way to achieve sustainable construction. International Conference on Advanced Research in Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Planning, Dec. 5, Tehran, 6-1 (2015).
[3] M. Valipour, M. Shekarchi, M. Arezoumandi, Chlorine diffusion resistivity of  sustainable  green  concrete  in harsh marine environments, Journal of Cleaner Production, 142(2017) 4092-4100.
[4] M. Torres-Luque, E. Bastidas-Arteaga, F. Schoefs, M. Sánchez-Silva, J.F. Osma, Non-destructive methods for measuring chloride ingress into concrete: State- of-the-art and future challenges, Construction and Building Materials, 68(2014) 68-81.
[5] M. Khademi Bahraini, Modeling the chloride ion penetrability in different concrete under particular conditions of Persian Gulf region, PhD thesis, Faculty of Engineering, AmirKabir University of Technology (2004).
[6] U. Angst, B. Elsener, C.K. Larsen, O. Vennesland, Critical chloride content in reinforced concrete — A review, Cement and Concrete Research, 39 (2009) 1122-1138.
[7] A.V. Saetta, R.V. Scotta, R.V. Vitaliani, Analysis of chloride diffusion into partially saturated concrete, Materials Journal, 90(1993) 441-451.
[8] T. Luping, L.O. Nilsson, Rapid determination of the chloride diffusivity in concrete by applying an electric field, Materials Journal, 89(1993) 49-53.
[9] M. Boulfiza, K. Sakai, N. Banthia, H. Yoshida, Prediction of chloride ions ingress in uncracked and cracked concrete, ACI materials journal, 100 (2003) 38-48.
[10] A. Mohammadi, K. Ebrahimi, A. Parvareshrezi, Importance of chlorine ion in the destruction of reinforced concrete, Second National Conference on Structural Engineering. 5th and 6th of March, Amir Kabir University, 9-1(2015).
[11] A. Neville, Chloride attack of reinforced concrete: an overview, Materials and Structures, 28(1995) 63.
[12] International commission on large dams (ICOLD). Soil-Cement; International Committee of Large Dams, Paris, 1986, Bulletin No. 54 (1986).
[13] A. Tahershamsi, A. Bakhtiary, N. Binazadeh, Effects of clay mineral type and content on compressive strength of plastic concrete, Iranian Journal of Mining Engineering, 4(2009) 35-42.
[14] H. Abbaslou, A.R. Ghanizade, A. Tavana Amlashi, The compatibility of bentonite/sepiolite plastic concrete cut-off wall material, Construction and Building Materials, 124 (2016) 1165–1173.
[15] L.C. Burrill, R. Parker, Field Horsetail and related species, PNW 105, 4p (1994). https://etension. oregonstate.edv/catalog.
[16] C. Meyer, concrete as a Green Building Material, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA, 2-3 (2005).
[17] A. Khaloo, A. Rekkian, R. Mohammadpourfard, Rice husk ash and its effect on concrete, The 2nd National Conference on Structures - Earthquakes – Geotechnics (2012).
[18] C. Andrade, M. Castellote, Recommendation of RI- LEM TC 178-TMC: testing and modelling chloride penetration in concrete-analysis of total chloride content in concrete, Materials and Structures, 35 (2002) 583-585.
[19] M. A. Collepardi, R. Marcialis, R. Turrizuani, Penetration of Chloride Ions into Cement Pastes and Concretes, Journal of American Ceramic Research Society, 55(1972) 534-535.
[20] A. Boddy, E. Bentz, M. Thomas, R. Hooton, An overview and sensitivity study of a multimechanistic chloride transport model, Cement and concrete research, 29(1999) 827-837.
[21] J. Crank, The Mathematics of Diffusion, second ed. Oxford Press, London, UK (1976).
[22] P. Mangat, B. Molloy, Prediction of long term chloride concentration in concrete, Materials and Structures, 27(1994) 338-346.
[23] A. Halakouee, B. Ghadiri, Effect of rice paddy ash  in Zarinshahr area of Isfahan on concrete properties. The third scientific-scientific congress of modern horizons in the field of civil engineering, architecture, culture and urban management of Iran. Tehran. Association for the Promotion of Basic Sciences and Technology (2016).
[24] E. Faghih Maleki rastbod, A.S. Mirzamohammadi, Laboratory study of the effect of rice husk ash on concrete compressive strength, Third National Conference on Engineering Science Development, Mazandaran-Tin Kaban, Higher Education Institute of the Future (2016).
[25] F. Christopher, B. Akinbile, A. Shittu, Structure and properties of mortar and concrete with rice husk ash as partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement, International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, In Press (2017).
[26] N.S. Bansal, Y. Antil, Effect of rice husk on compressive strength of concrete, International Journal of Emerging Technologies, 6(2015) 144-150.
[27] R. Siddique, Properties of concrete made with volcanic ash, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 66(2012) 40-44.
[28] D. Tavakoli, M. Hashempour, A. Heidari, Use of waste materials in concrete: A review, Science and Technology, 26(2018) 499-522.
[29] A. Farahani, M. Tedin, M. Shakrchizadeh, Modeling of ion-chloride emission factor in concrete containing pozzolan metalaelen in spit region of Qeshm Island. 6th Annual National Concrete Conference of Iran, Oct. 15, Tehran, 12-1 (2014).
[30] M. A. Ehlen, Life-365TM Service Life Prediction ModelTM and Computer Program  for  Predicting  the Service Life and Life-Cycle Cost of Reinforced Concrete Exposed to Chlorides, Manual of Life- 365TM Version 2.1 January 7, 2012, Produced by the Life-365™ Consortium II (2012).
[31] Z. Junzhi, W. Jianze, K. Deyu, Chloride Diffusivity Analysis of Existing Concrete Based on Fick’s Second Law, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology- Mater. Sci. Ed . 25 (2010) 142-146.
[32] Z. Song, L. Jiang, H. Chu, C. Xiong, R. Liu, L. You, Modeling of chloride diffusion in concrete immersed in CaCl2 and NaCl solutions with account of multi- phase reactions and ionic interactions, Construction and Building Materials, 66 (2014) 1-9.
AUT Journal of Civil Engineering
Volume 3, Issue 2
December 2019
Pages 167-178

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics