Physical modeling of the mechanical behavior of crude oil contaminated mixed soils based on Mini-Cone data

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Department of Civil and, Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, I.R. Iran

Abstract

It has been a long time since crude oil products and, their derivatives have contaminated soil. Crude oil contamination is an unavoidable consequence of rapid overpopulation and, the industrialization process. Crude oil contamination can change soil geotechnical behavior and, affect soil strength, foundation-bearing capacity, and slope stability. On the other hand, “mini-cone’ tests have rapidly become the most famous type of on-site testing. Because, the mini cone is a fast and, economical experiment that continuously provides information on the geological layout and, the proper assessment of soil properties. This paper compares the changes in the tip and, side resistance of the mini-cone. There are mixed soils of two types of fine-grained sand with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% kaolinite clay, which were tested with 4% and, 8% crude oil and, different moisture contents. These investigations have been done with the physical modeling method and, calculating the value of Ic, focusing on the mini-con data. Results showed that the tip and, the side resistances of the “mini-cone” were decreased in mixed soils with increasing crude oil content and, changes in moisture contents. Except for two sandy soils mixed with 10% and, 20% clay, which were mixed with 4% crude oil. There was an increase in tip and, side resistance due to the lack of the maximum density in the laboratory chamber compared to the standard Proctor test. Also, with these changes, Ic calculation found that the soil's behavior shifted towards finer soils.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] E.E. Abosede, Effect of crude oil pollution on some soil physical properties, Journal of agriculture and veterinary science, 6(3) (2013) 14-17.
[2] Z.A. Rahman, U. Hamzah, M.R. Taha, N.S. Ithnain, N. Ahmad, Influence of oil contamination on geotechnical properties of basaltic residual soil, American journal of applied sciences, 7(7) (2010) 954.
[3] H.A. Al-Sanad, W.K. Eid, N.F. Ismael, Geotechnical properties of oil-contaminated Kuwaiti sand, Journal of geotechnical engineering, 121(5) (1995) 407-412.
[4] E.C. Shin, B.M. Das, Bearing capacity of unsaturated oil-contaminated sand, International Journal of offshore and polar Engineering, 11(03) (2001).
[5] E. Ukpong, I. Umoh, Effect of crude oil spillage on geotechnical properties of lateritic soil in Okoroete, Eastern Obololo, International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 7(1) (2015) 12-24.
[6] M. Khamehchiyan, A.H. Charkhabi, M. Tajik, Effects of crude oil contamination on geotechnical properties of clayey and sandy soils, Engineering geology, 89(3-4) (2007) 220-229.
[7] M. Ahmadi, T. Ebadi, R. Maknoon, Effects of crude oil contamination on geotechnical properties of sand-kaolinite mixtures, Engineering geology, 283 (2021) 106021.
[8] I. Akinwumi, D. Diwa, N. Obianigwe, Effects of crude oil contamination on the index properties, strength and permeability of lateritic clay, International Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering Research, 3(4) (2014) 816-824.
[9] Z. Rasheed, F. Ahmed, H. Jassim, Effect of crude oil products on the geotechnical properties of soil, WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 186 (2014) 353-361.
[10] N. Matasovic, E. Kavazanjian Jr, A. De, J. Dunn, CPT-based seismic stability assessment of a hazardous waste site, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 26(2-4) (2006) 201-208.
[11] H. Haeri, V. Sarfarazi, Z. Zhu, M.F. Marji, A. Masoumi, Investigation of shear behavior of soil-concrete interface, Smart Structures and Systems, 23(1) (2019) 81-90.
[12] M. Shahbazi, M. Najafi, M.F. Marji, On the mitigating environmental aspects of a vertical well in underground coal gasification method, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 24(3) (2019) 373-398.
[13] H. Begemann, The friction jacket cone as an aid in determining the soil profile, in:  Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on SMFE, 1965, pp. 17-20.
[14] J.H. Schmertmann, Guidelines for cone penetration test: performance and design, United States. Federal Highway Administration, 1978.
[15] B.J. Douglas, Soil classification using electric cone penetrometer, Sympsium on Cone Penetration Testing and Experience, Geo-technical Engineering Division, ASCE, St. Louis, Oct.,  (1981).
[16] P.K. Robertson, Use of Piezoeter Cone Data, in:  Proc. of Insitu'86, Speciality Conference, ASCE, 1986.
[17] P.K. Robertson, Soil classification using the cone penetration test, Canadian geotechnical journal, 27(1) (1990) 151-158.
[18] M. Jefferies, M. Davies, Soil classification by the cone penetration test: Discussion, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 28(1) (1991) 173-176.
[19] A. Eslami, B.H. Fellenius, Pile capacity by direct CPT and CPTu methods applied to 102 case histories, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 34(6) (1997) 886-904.
[20] G.P. Makusa, H. Mattsson, S. Knutsson, Shear strength evaluation of preloaded stabilized dredged sediments using CPT, in:  International Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing: 12/05/2014-14/05/2014, 2014.
[21] B.C. O’Kelly, CPT testing in Dublin Boulder Clay, in:  Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing (CPT ‘14). Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, 2014, pp. 2-50.
[22] A. Drevininkas, G. Creer, M. Nkemitag, Comparison of consolidation characteristics from CPTu, DMT and laboratory testing at Ashbridges Bay, Toronto, Ontario, in:  Proceedings of the 64th Canadian Geotechnical Conference and 14th PanAmerican Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Toronto, Canada, 2011.
[23] F. Yi, Estimating soil fines contents from CPT data, in:  Proc. 3rd International Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing, Huntington Beach, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, 2014, pp. 949-955.
[24] B. Ramaiah, G. Ramana, CPTu at a municipal solid waste site in Delhi, India, in:  3rd international symposium on cone penetration testing, 2014, pp. 1083-1091.
[25] S.S. Shirani, A. Eslami, A. Ebrahimipour, M. Karakouzian, Dominant factors in MiniCone, CPT and pile correlations: a data‐based approach, Deep Underground Science and Engineering, 2(4) (2023) 346-358.
[26] M. Esmailzade, A. Eslami, J.S. McCartney, Comparison of frustum confining vessel (FCV) and full-scale testing for helical and expanded piles geotechnical performance, Marine Georesources & Geotechnology,  (2024) 1-21.
[27] M. Esmailzade, A. Eslami, A. Nabizadeh, E. Aflaki, Effect of cone diameter on determination of penetration resistance using a FCV, International Journal of Civil Engineering,  (2022) 1-14.
[28] F. Kaviani-Hamedani, M. Esmailzade, K. Adineh, M. Shafiei, D. Shirkavand, Quantifying three-dimensional sphericity indices of irregular fine particles from 2D images through sequential sieving tests, Granular Matter, 26(1) (2024) 13.
[29] P.K. Robertson, K. Cabal, Guide to cone penetration testing for geotechnical engineering, Signal Hill, CA: Gregg Drilling & Testing,  (2015).
AUT Journal of Civil Engineering
Volume 7, Issue 2
June 2023
Pages 149-156

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics